Bio for award recommendation Annotated Bibliography

Bio for award recommendation - Annotated Bibliography Example Besides providing support on an online platform, I also provide support on a tier one level to basic operating programs that include, the radio communication systems, radar tracking systems and personnel tracking systems. In addition to the provision of these operational systems, I am tasked with the provision of written documentation such as maintenance reports, engineering surveys and memoranda to give an analysis on services performed and planned. My work engagements across the globe have enabled me to acquire the necessary skills to give support on a tier one level basis to every single programme in the operation center. Due to my extensive travelling, I have become well versed in the Foreign Affairs Manual and Handbook to smoothen my stay in Iraq. During my time in the military, I was conditioned to be able to withstand high pressure while multitasking in my area of specialty. This has enabled me to be an efficient and focused worker. My time at the Department of Defense has conditioned me to work in physically demanding situations. This has been handy in maintaining and developing preventive measures for systems that I have been assigned. On an almost daily basis, I am involved in drafting written reports and recommendations regarding activity reports and personnel programs. Therefore, I maintain knowledge on base products installed at an expert level while striving to improve and sustain the ongoing technical security controls. I have installed many technical systems such as telecommunications, cabling, electrical and power. Additionally, I have in the past developed and installed CCTV systems for both analogue and digital features, automated control systems, and other life safety programs. Additional duties at the embassy that form part of my accomplishments include-troubleshooting video and fiber problems, installing cameras and smart boards (in and outside the embassy) to secure the safety of the personnel and its property, providing onsite

Ethical theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical theories - Essay Example In this regard, practitioners are not supposed to give up on a patient unless all the treatment fails. There arises a dilemma on what to do when the patient is not responding to treatment. The ethical dilemma arises on whether to terminate treatment or allow the patient to suffer under futile treatment. Relegating treatment may be a sign of condemning the patient to death while treatment might be painful and of no importance. Thus, the most appropriate decision should be made. Bioethics principles can be used to chart a way forward in case of a futile treatment dilemma. The principles include autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. The autonomy principle states that conscious patients have a choice to decide termination or continuity of futile treatment. The beneficence principle asserts that medical practitioners must do anything possible to alienate suffering from the patient. The non-maleficence principle explains that nurses should check all procedures to ensure that patients do not suffer from intentional errors and omissions. The justice principle asserts that patients have equal rights to benefit from treatment; new or current. From the principles, the medical practitioners can choose a course of action depending on the

Designing aquestionnaire Essay Example for Free

Designing aquestionnaire Essay Above is an example of an multi choice radio button question that I got off the internet, I think again this is a quick and easy type of answering as it is quick and easy and would not put people off by thinking they have to spend a lot of time writing, as all they have to do is to tick boxes. Beneath it is an example of a mutli choice way of answering, where all you have to do is choose from a list of wanes by clicking on the drop down and scrolling down and picking the answer. The only disadvantage with this type of answering is that people have to choose an answer from the list and cannot enter an original answer them selves. After looking at my research and all of the different types of layouts for questions on a questionnaire I have decided to try and incorporate some of them into my own, giving my questionnaire a variety of questions. I have decided to design a questionnaire for hairdressers about to open in the area. The main objectives of it are to see whether people think there is need for new hairdressers and whether they would use it. I will develop my questionnaire in draft each time editing and improving them. I am going to look at information about the types of questions in a questionnaire and look at some of the types of answers eg, multi-choice. I will conduct my research by looking on the Internet and looking examples of original questionnaires. Below is a sample of a questionnaire that I found on the Internet. I went onto a collage website and found a questionnaire that is available for students to fill in. it has many different types of questions and different way of answering them. Most of the questions just have answer tick boxes but some had select from list e. t. c The answer boxes are customisable scales, bad good, and 1-5. I think this type of questionnaire is good as it can be completed fairly quickly and is easy to understand.

People Management At Pepsi Co

People Management At Pepsi Co There is an international company PepsiCo. PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the worlds top consumer product companies with many of the worlds most important and valuable trademarks. Its Pepsi-Cola Company division is the second largest soft drink business in the world, with a 21 percent share of the carbonated soft drink market worldwide and 29 percent in the United States. Three of its brands-Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, and Diet Pepsiare among the top ten soft drinks in the U.S. market (www.pepsico.co.uk). This assignment will enable me to get the knowledge about the organisational structure of PepsiCo company whereas I came to know briefly about the organisation culture. This assignment will explain the style required by the leader and the benefits of flexible a working environment. Some people management strategies will also be discussed in the assignment. About the Organisation Task 1.1 Explain how organisational structure impacts on people in the organisation Organisation structure the organization structure means the manner in the line of authority, role and responsibility are delegated. The organisation structure of the company is represented by the organisation chart which shows the flow of command (Yadav 2009). There can be a horizontal line of command and can be vertical. There is a flat structure of organisation in which the flow of command is horizontal, and one is tall in which the flow of command is vertical. Some companies also use functional in which the company make a different department in the organisation according to functional areas. That is called a functional structure. Some organisations use a mixed organisational structure mixing two types of the above organisational structures. The functional organisational structure is very important and effective because the organisation can focus work according to their departments (www.wordpress.com). http://sameh.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/Organization%20Structure2.jpg Source www.pepsico.co.uk This is a mixed organisation structure and in this structure the seniors order the juniors in separate departments for different functions. This is the organisational structure utilised at PepsiCo. In this organisation there are many different departments according to the function such as marketing, human resource and it is an ideal structure for this organisation (www.wordpress.com). Impact of the organisational structure The organizational structure explains the direction of the flow of authority and delegated responsibilities in the organisation. It explains how the people need to perform their duties and who will be responsible for which task. The organization structure is very important. Task 1.2 Explain how the organisational culture impacts the people in the organization According to Yadav (2009) organizational culture is a common perception held by the organizations members; a system of shared meanings. It is a set of key characteristics that organization values. There are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization culture. Innovation and risk taking, Attention to detail, Outcome orientation, People orientation, Team orientation, Aggressiveness, Stability. Organizational (Corporate) Culture is a pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to new members as the way to perceive, think, and feel in the organization. There are three levels of organization culture Artefacts Symbols of culture in the physical and social work environment. Values Espoused What members of an organization say they value. This means what are the norms followed by the people of the organization and enacted is the way in which people of the organization reflected the values and how individuals actually behave (SMU 2011). Assumptions Deeply held beliefs that guide behaviour and tell members of an organization how to perceive and think about things (Rao 2005) There are four types of organisational culture. Power culture Power is concentrated among a few with control spreading from the centre. In this type of culture the main person such as manger or director have the right to make the decision and other people have to follow those decisions (fds.oup.com). Role culture Authority is clearly designed in a clearly defined structure. The role culture is that type of culture in which the person has the right to take decision according to their position. No confusion occurs and there is no delay in the decision making (fds.oup.com). Task culture Teams are formed to solve particular problem with power deriving from expertise. In the task culture authority, authority is only provided for a particular task and only to the expert. When the task is completed the authority also finishes (fds.oup.com). Person culture All individuals believe themselves to be superior to the organisation. This suggests a group of like-minded individuals pursuing organisational goals (fds.oup.com). http://molc.mim.org.my/modules/MA1174_files/image001.gif Source fds.oup.com In this organisation there is a role culture because in the role culture the responsibilities are clearly delegated to the authorised person and there is no confusion in the distribution of power. In the role culture the right person gets the right authority. Impact of organisational culture The organizational culture helps the people in understanding how they need to behave with each other. It also describes the policies and procedure of the business which its people need to follow. Task 1.3 Analyse the impact of leadership style on the individual and team. There are four type of leadership styles. Autocratic leadership In this type of leadership the leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else. There is high degree of dependency on the leader and he can de-motivate and alienate staff. In this type of leadership the leaders dont take the advice from the rest of the employees. This type of leadership is good only when you have shortage of time and where decisions need to be made quickly and decisively. (www.sos.net). Democratic leadership In this type of leadership the leader takes suggestions from the employee to improve their decision making. But the final authority of decision making rests with what emphases is running throughout the organization. It may help in motivation where workers feel they own part of the firm. It may improve the sharing of ideas and experiences within the business. (www.sos.net). Laissez-faire leadership In this tape of leadership all responsibilities are shared by all employees. It can be highly motivational, as people have control over their working life. In this type of leadership everyone is free to make decision according to their position. By this type of leadership a company can avoid the delay in decision making and an effective decision can be taken (www.sos.net). Paternalistic The leader acts as a father figure s/he makes the decision but may consult. He believes in the need to support staff. Sometimes taking a decision on his own and sometimes discusses the problem with others. In this type of leadership employees feel secure like they have the security of their father (www.sos.net). This is an autocratic leadership style because senior people make the decisions and other lower level people have to follow those decisions (Steiner 1997). The TDM and ADC of the company make decision and the CE and salesmen have to follows those decisions. But that time they only take the feedback from the CES and salesmen just to make the decisions more effective but dont take their suggestion for decision making (www.pepsi.co.uk). If a leader acts as a democratic leader he can get better solution to his problems and better performance rather than autocratic leader. Task 1.4 Review the people management strategies used in the organisation PepsiCo a multinational beverage company has been chosen. However, for the purposes of this assignment only the London operations will be studied. This company has its mixed type of organisational structure. In this organisation there are many different departments according to the function such as marketing, human resources, therefore, it is an ideal structure for this organisation. In this organisation there is a role culture, the responsibilities are clearly delegated to the authorised personnel and there is no confusion in the distribution of power. To manage the people effectively it uses the autocratic leadership style in which all major decisions are taken from the top management (www.pepsico.co.uk). Task 1.5 Explain the benefits of a flexible working environment to an individual and organization. According to Rao (2005) Flexible working environment means the employees have right to move from one place to another and they can flexibility of time. If there will be flexibility in working environment than it will help in breaking the monotony of work and reduce the boringness at the work place. There are many benefits which a organisation can get from flexible working environment. Increase in productivity If the employee is able to work in a flexible work place then they will be happier and can give maximum output. Hence the productivity will increase. Time saving If the employees will have the flexibility of working from any place then they can work from their home and save the time of travelling from their home to work place (www.businessdictionary.com). New innovative ideas If the employees will be allowed to work in a flexible place then get ideas from people who will be around them, they can then get a better solution for any problem. Reduce stress If the employees will have the flexibility of time and work place then they need not to rush for work and they will have no pressure of reaching workplace on time. Task 1.6 Using motivational theories assess how the working environment impacts on the performance of employees. Motivation theories Every employee of the organisation need some motivation to work effectively. Company adopt many motivational factors to positively motivate the employees towards the company and work. (tutor2u 2011). Maslow Hierarchy theory Maslow has given the theory for the motivation of the employees. He explains how an employer can positively motivate his employees towards work and how an employer can get the maximum out of employees (Parsad 2009). According to Maslow there are six needs of the employees which should be fulfilled in a hierarchical order. If one of those needs are left than there will be no use of fulfilling the other needs (www.tutor2u.com). Physiological needs Every person has his own basic needs of food, clothes, and shelter and every employer should have responsibility to fulfil these basic needs. This is not the responsibility of the employer to provide food and shelter but employer should have to give that much salary that they can buy their basic needs things. In case of business application a company should provide lunch to employees (www.tutor2u.com). Safety Needs After the completion the physiological needs an employer should provide a safety work environment for its employees to work. If the employees dont feel safe in the work environment then they would be able to fully concentrate on their work. In the business a company should complete all the requirement of health and safety policy. If the physiological needs of the employees didnt satisfy then there is wastages of fulfilling other needs (www.tutor2u.com) Social needs Third most important every person want to social with other people and after the completion of first two needs every person has desire to meet with other people and make relations with other. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. In the case of business the social need is very important because company needs to socialise with customers and employee need to make friends to cheer up and remove their tensions (www.tutor2u.com). Self Esteem Needs After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. The self esteem need related to the self respect of the person and achievement (Parsad 2009). In the self esteem a person wants attention of other people towards him. There are two type of self esteem one is internal and other is external self esteem. (www.tutor2u.com). Self actualisation needs After completion of the above four need a person think about the wisdom and truth and a status of a person. In case of business an employer should give full opportunity to fulfil the career of his employees (www.pateo.com). If the working environment follow these hierarchy of need and satisfy them accordingly then the business can get maximum output out of its employees. http://www.pateo.com/images/maslowmaster4ts.gif Source www.pateo.com The second theory o motivation is Herzberg theory. In this theory there are two important factors one is for the motivation and another one is hygiene factor. Hygiene Factors these are those factors which satisfy the employees but they are not motivated. There are some factors such as salary, working condition, status, supervision are hygienic factors (www.valuebase.com). Motivation Factor The motivation factor for the employee is interest in job, achievement and recognition. These factors lead to the high performance of the employees. But the combination of both hygiene and motivation factor are important (www.valuebase.com). http://www.novabizz.com/NovaAce/Behavior/img/herzberg_factors.gif Source www.novabizz.com Task 1.7 Assess how an organisational ethical practices impact on the motivation level While carrying out its business operation every business needs to consider ethical issue. These ethical practices ensure the employees and the customers that the business will not commit any wrongful act (www.mediapost.com). Social and the moral value will be considered carefully. Some of the ethical practices are as follow The business will not knowingly injure any of its employees or customer (Steiner 1997). The business will not interfere in the personal life of its employees and customers. It will respect all kinds of religion, customs and traditions. All the products made by the business will be safe for its customers Good working environment will be providing by the business for its employees etc. All the ethical practice impact on the motivation level of the employees because if the employees will come to know about the good ethical practice used by the business then they will be ensured about the safety of their life and they can fully concentrate on their work. This will result for the good performance of their employees. The PepsiCo Company also use ethical practices and all the products delivered by the business are well packed and hygienic (www.pepsico.co.uk). Task 1.8 Evaluate how the organisation use its corporate social responsibilities agenda to motivate employees. The corporate social responsibility means all the efforts done by the company to build the positive image in the mind of the customers. To make the good image in the mind of customers the business need to manage quality in two aspects such as in respect of process and people. If both are things are doing well the business can be success in the competitive market (www.mallnbaker.com). In this the business makes the good relation with its customers to build the good image in the market. This makes the customers more loyal towards the company and help in increasing the employees commitment toward satisfaction of customers. Hence towards the achievement of the organisational goal (SMU 2011). The Workforce Task 2.1 Explain how the personal difference impact on the individual behavious and work If the individual will have personal difference then they cannot work comfortably with each other. The individual will face many problems and hence their work will be affected by the personal differences Lack of coordination A company cant success without coordination must have among the group member. A company lose their balance without coordination so everyone will do work according their wish. Hence they wouldnt be able to achieve the common goal (Yadav 2009). Lack of communication communication is the most important thing in a company if their lack of communication among the team member this result to the repetition and if some time the people among the group member does not communicate proper it can result adverse effect on the perform acting which they are doing. No trust and respect for each other if a company member dont do believe on each other they cant do work properly. Trust must have in all employs if the no among the group member a company cannot running success fully. Lack of self motivation if any group member motivated then he can motivated the other person of the group who dont have the abilities of getting self motivated so self motivation is the most important thing in a company if they have lack of self motivation company cannot success (www.reliablesurvey.com). Lack of Commitment for work and each other If will be personal difference then there will be lack of commitment- sometimes groups do not work according to the commitment they did, like they do not complete their task on time, do not take interest in the work etc Task 2.2 Analyse management style needed to deal with differences and individual behaviour. There are many types of management style such as autocratic styles in which the managers himself take all the decisions and ask his subordinates to follow his decisions whereas in the democratic style the manager ask his subordinates view while taking new decision. On the other hand the lazes fair the manger let his subordinate to take all the decision on their own (Steiner 1997). The autocratic leadership style will be helpful in dealing with the individual difference because in this style all the decisions will be taken by the manager. If the manager adopt the lazes fair style then there are chances of conflict among the employees and decision making can be delayed. The style of leadership has been chosen according to the nature of the business and decision need to be taken (www.sos.net). Task 2.3 Explain how motivation theories can be applied to develop performance in organisation According to Parsad (2009) every employees need motivation without motivation every employee can give average performance but to get the good performance motivation is required. There are many types of motivational theories such as Maslow need theory, X and Y theory etc. Every theory explain the different method of motivation to employees but there is one thing common that employees need motivation. There are many motivational techniques which help in the improving the quality of the performance of the employees. Incentives If I will get the incentives for the good performance then it act as a motivational factor because incentives are monetary benefits. If I will get the incentives then there are chances of good performance of mine become high. I will perform better to get good incentive (www.streetdirectory.com). Rewards Rewards can also act as motivational factor for me because the rewards give the recognition in the society. Rewards mainly include the awards and praise in any of the function of the company. Fringe benefits If the company will provide me extra facilities such as pick drop facility, medical insurance etc. this will also motivate me to give the good performance and it also increase my commitment towards the company. Promotion If the company will promote me to higher position for my good performance then in future with the same expectation I will give the good performance (www.streetdirectory.com). These are some motivational techniques which help me in giving in the quality performance. Task 2.4 Explain the different use of coaching and monitoring in the organisation In any business organisation changes are implemented to make the business running successfully because there are many environmental factors which affect the business and sometimes their effect is uncontrollable (Rao 2005). So to cope up with those changes in external environment the business need to implement some changes in it but the implementation of those changes is not effective. The business needs to monitor the progress of the implemented change and the performance of the people because then only the business can come to know about of the change. There are many tools available to monitor the effect of change. Regular reports The business can use the regular reports to measure the performance of the change because with the help of regular reports from employees keep the business updated with the change status. These reports help the business to identify potential set-backs before they become a problem. With the help of these reports the business can check the regular status of the change. A checkpoint system A checkpoint system is also another tools to monitor the performance of the people because with the help of checklist the because in the checkpoints there are small goals are given to the employees with respect to change. The business checks the performance4 of the employees after the implementation of the change and according to the given goals (www.safariboks.com). Swot Analysis It can check it strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats before and after implementing the change. If is most the weakness and threats has been removed and all the strengths and opportunities has been utilised then it can say the change is good and if not then business need to review the change (www.safariboks.com). MBO (management by objectives) According to Parsad 2009 this is more like the check point system but both the slightly different. In the checkpoint system the goals are only for specific projects but in the MBO the management set the objectives for its employees but related to every task of the business and the business has to achieve those objectives. Similarly here the management check the performance of the employees with respect to the given objectives before and after implementing the change. Balance scorecard In this tools the business check the performance of the business in four areas such as finance, customers satisfaction, internal business process and learning and development of employees. This is also use before and after introducing the change (www.safariboks.com). To know the effectiveness of the business these monitoring coaching techniques are used. Task 2.5 Analyse the benefits of training and development to individual and organisation. Training and development help the organisation and individual to get familiar with the new trend and technology. It serves many benefits to the individual (Parsad 2009). Increase their knowledge The training and development help the individual to increase their knowledge about new technology and the latest trend in the market (www.mediapost.com). Build confidence It help in building the confidence of the employees because if they will have full information about any new trend then they can confidently work on new technology. Reduce accidents The training and development help in the reducing the chances of accident because before training about working new machine the employee can get injured. Better utilization of resources The proper training and development help the employee to effectively and efficiently utilize its resources. Save time and cost -If the employees will be give proper training about development of new product then they will make product with lesser wastage (www.mediapost.com). Task 2.6 Assess the impact of people management strategies used in the organisation With the help of the mixed organisation structure there is clear division of all the functional department of the organisation and people can work accordingly. There is no extra work load on the employees and clear and proper delegation of authorities and responsibilities (Gupta 2010). With the help of autocratic management style the company can avoid the conflict among the employee regarding the decision making because all the decision come from the top management and it can also avoid the delay in the decision making. The PepsiCo is a very big company and it need to take quick decision to keep its business running so this style has improve the decision making process of the business (www.pepsico.co.uk). Recommendation Task 3.1 Recommend the strategies to prom Recommendation In my opinion there should have the democratic leadership in this organisation. Senior post people should take the suggestion from the lower level people while taking the decision regarding the sales because the salesmen and the customer executives know the exact situation about the market and they can better tell the senior people that what would be good for increasing the sales of the products. Company should also give some right to the lower level people to make any decision because some time salesman also has to make decision according to the situation (www.sos.net). Conclusion Working on this assignment was a great experience and I acquired some new knowledge through this assignment. There is a mixed organisation structure is used in the above given organisation and role culture the help the business in proper delegation of authority and responsibility. Although the company does have a role culture which empowers staff to a certain level, I believe the autocratic style of the PepsiCos leadership style will make the full growth slow. As it is the front line staff who know the most about market conditions it would be good business sense for them to use a democratic style of leadership. With the democratic style being used PepsiCo could make more money through real staff empowerment. However, at the same time I do believe that some of autocratic leadership should remain because if any differences happen with staff the seniors can help in the decision-making process. The company would have many benefits by having flexible working environment.

My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of Education As a military wife, I have had the experience of working in several different school systems. I was a substitute teacher and a teaching assistant for four years. I started my college education right after high school. However, I halted my studies when my ex-husband and I were stationed in Germany. Soon after, my children came and consumed most of my time. If I was asked the question now about my career choice at 18, I would have to say that I am glad I got to experience the world first. I have enjoyed raising my children and working in the school system. I am now back in college after a 16-year break. I am more prepared mentally and I am focused and determined to reach my goals of becoming a teacher. I know that being a teacher is my true calling in life. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with ten different teachers. I have considered their examples to be exceptional reference material. I see things that have worked and things I can relate to. I have also seen things that didn’t work. I have been very fortunate to be able to give my profession of choice a trial run before spending this time getting prepared for a career in teaching. An eclectic approach to teaching and learning is what I would like to have in my classroom. I would draw my practices from progressivism, essentialism, existentialism and realism. I also understand that some things will work with one class but may not work well with another. I know that I will need to be flexible when working with a diverse number of individuals. With progressivism, I believe that there should be instruction where students participate in critical thinking, problem solving and decision-making. These exercises help children to survive in the real world. I think cooperative learning will teach children to work well with others but also draw off each other’s ideas. Applying essentialism in the classroom is where the basic core curriculum will come in. There will be standards that need to be met in these areas. This will be where creativity needs to be implemented to get the material that is required across to the children. I believe in time-on-task emphasis as well as modeling appropriate behavior.

Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado and The Raven Essay -- Edgar

Edgar Allan Poe's "The Cask of Amontillado" and "The Raven" Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century. Perhaps he is best know for is ominous short stories. Two of these stories were "The Cask of Amontillado" and "The Raven." In these short stories Poe uses imagery in many different forms to enhance the mood and setting of the story. In my essay I will approach three aspects of Poe's use of imagery. These three are when Poe uses it to develop the setting, to develop the mood, and to develop suspense. Through out all of Poe's stories he uses imagery to develop the setting. If the setting is established well, you can understand the story better. Some examples of when Poe used imagery to develop the setting in "The Raven" as well as "The Cask of Amontillado." Some imagery from "The Cask†¦" were "It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of carnival season†¦" he uses that excerpt to establish the time. Later on, the narrator says "†¦bowed him through several suites of rooms to the arc hway that led into vaults. I passed down a long and wi...

B2B – Product Marketing Plan.rev1

The vison of the wool manufacturing sector of Australia is to expand its export sales to emerging markets in the ASEAN region. Emerging markets are those of the developing countries with high demand on basic raw materials for clothing manufacturing and other industries related to uses of fiber, plus the corollary products from the same category of industry. Emerging markets maybe from developing countries, rather than highly developed ones. The mission would be to penetrate these emerging markets, create a foothold with the right liaison procedures and obtain long term contracts for wool, wool products and its ancillaries.The main objective is to increase the export revenues of the wool manufacturing sector, thereby contributing to the GNP and GDP of Australia to improve per capita income and to generate more employment. The specific objectives are: a. To find out the trade channels of emerging markets in the ASEAN Region and penetrate these markets. b. To develop the right strategy how to penetrate these emerging markets and establish long-term trading activities with the same. c. To research more uses of the wool fiber as raw material, whether in bulk raw wool or thread wool or fabric wool.d. To involve foreign investors as allies in the development of wool fiber for new uses of wool and its corollary products mentioned herein. e. To secure a captured market in exchange for foreign investments. 1. 1 Sales Objectives The general sales objective is to establish a continuing and growing demand for export sales of wool, wollen products, probably new developed products out of wool, and corollary wool products, e. g. sheep meat or lambchops and sheep leather. The increase in sales may not actually mean increase in profitablity in the short term.It is the long term objective that is the main focus in order for sales projections to be drawn with ease and followed. Long term projections can only be done if investment-marketing contracts can also be drawn with the prob able buyer of the manufactured products. It would be an investment laden project, such that the need for investment can be specifically pinpointed in terms of machinery, labor, working capital and project costs or, in order to find out the specific uses of the capital investment.From there, the Return on Investment (ROI) or the Return to Equity (ROE) can be calculated and deemed to be viable or feasible to Autralian preferences. Thus, the sales objective considers the long term viability of the project and determines what level of equity the Australians should allow any foreign investor to come in and intervene in the wool industry. 1. 2 Product Positioning There is no substitute for a high quality, optimum priced product and consistent supply and these factors must be the position of the products.In order to elaborate further the market position, it is best to enumerate the products that may come from the wool industry, expound the charecteristics of the products and analyze where it uses would be. Thereon, there could be research and development (R&D) to improve the product so that there is value added when it is sold. a. Bulk Raw Wool Fibers Bulk raw wool fibers maybe classified. The usual process starts with sheering, washing, bleaching, drying and bailing. Then there can be classifying, perhaps, into which batch comes from a more mature or younger herd of sheeps or known sheep varieties.Another way, which would need R&D, is to find out how to separate the long fibers from the short fibers. Then the method of classification can be into long and short fibers. Machineries can be designed to seggregate which fibers are long or short. Both kind of fibers can be wooven into fabric with different characterics and long fibers can be an additive in matress production for car seats. In Europe car seats have organic fibers as substitute for foam cushions, and is already a regulation. Foam cushions produce toxic fumes when it burns in case of accidents.b. Wool Thread If and when wool can be seggregated into long and short fibers, there can also be two kinds of threads produced. Short fibers will produce thread with short elasticity because the spinning process produces a more fine textured thread. Long fibers will produce thread that is more elastic, which is wool’s characteristic and has been accepted by users of this thread. Fine thread from wool can become a new product which can be compared to cotton thread. c. Wool Fabric When wooven into cloth, long fibers make the cloth stretchable.The stretchable fabric is usually used for insulation such as sweaters and blankets, the main finished products of wool. Although standard woolen fabric is good insulation, it has a charcteristic very distinct from cotton cloth. The wool fibers are a bit abbrasive and may induce allergy or itchiness to human skin and is generally heavier than cotton fabric. Should there be fine thread from short fibers wooven into wool fabric, then the outcome would be fine and lighter cloth, which can become a versatile material in sewing clothes.Definitely, this range of product development needs R&D. d. Sheep Leather Sheep skin can be processed into leather to manufacture rubber shoes. China and Korea are becoming top producers of rubber shoes. Those countries could be the target market of sheep leather if it were tanned in Autralia. Thus, tanning sheep leather can become a side manufacturing concern of the wool industry. Cow and kangaroo leather from Australia is already known in the world market. It would not hurt if the sheep leather market can be developed.Rather than disposing sheep skin as fertilizer, it may be manufactured into leather. e. Sheep Meat or Lamb Chops It is only logical that there is consistency in the supply of raw materials for wool. Thus, backward integration to produce wool becomes an inevitable factor when there are plans to expand the wool market. Therefore, sheep production, which Australia is also known for, becomes an integrated portion of the wool export industry. Sheep are proliferous and multiply like goats and there will be surplus of sheep in terms of number of heads if the wool industry were to expand.Lamb meat can become one of the ancillary products of the wool industry and capacity of processing plants for fresh or even canned sheep meat must be ready when the market is developed. 1. 3 Product Objectives It is best to enumerate again what are the probable export products derived from the wool industry: short fiber raw wool, long fiber raw wool, fine wool thread, ordinary wool thread, lamb chops/sheepmeat, and sheep leather. The overall product objective is to enhance the development of products manufactured from the wool sector. This sector starts from the livestock production of sheep, an integral part of agriculture.Wool must not be the only product that can derived from this industry. In terms of short and long fibers that need R&D, new machineries may have to be brought in. This c ould be done by asking foreign investors to conduct the research, design and fabricate the machinery themselves. The machines needed would pertain to milling machines, weaving, and knitting machines. If China were the choice of partnership, it has already developed its machineries for weaving and knitting. It may be the milling machine that should be designed in order to segregate the short and long fibers before milling into threads.The threads may be further processed so that the texture could be close to or the same as silk, a well known Chinese fabric. In any case, innovation should come in so that the end products becomes a new one and will probably have its place in the fashion world, which is very big business. Should this happen, there will be curiousity from European buyers, thereby creating a damand, as the capital of fashion is in Paris, France. This would expand the manufacturing sector thereby generating more employment for the locales.In terms of sheep meat, blast free zing and cold storage facilities upgrade may be needed for the expansion of the industry. Foreign investors may also be invited. The same protocol may be applied to sheep leather manufacturing. The machineries acquisition can be negotiated such that it may come in the form of a loan, whereby, part of the payments would be in the form of manufactured products the machineries would churn out. In general, the direction of this concern is towards expanding the manufacturing sector in processing, increase employment, generate export revenues and foreign investments.1. 4 Pricing Objectives General market re-entry, just like pricing, is an art. The general pricing objective is to retain optimum profits that would benefit the industry in the long term. The volume of business may compensate the optimum profit margins when the demand for the manufactured products increase. The pricing should be generally lower than competition. This would attract foreign manufacturers to buy the wool and wool en products. When it comes to leather, the pricing should be comparable to hog leather (e.. g. Hush Puppies use hog leather).Only when if it becomes a fad and is highly sought for, should sheep leather prices be increased to a maximum level. Shoes are a basic necessity too. Leather bags and luggage may not be a necessity and fashion trends may dictate the demand for these leather products. When it comes to sheep meat, prices should go lower than that of pork or chicken prices as cheap food is a sign of progress. Generally, product innovation should be one of the largest factors in product objectives. It is a fact that wool has been a fabric since the medieval ages and is outdated.Sheep meat has been a staple food to some countries but has not been promoted as a low cholesterol meat. Sheep skin could have been used only as insulation or rough clothing during the medieval ages also, and not as leather for shoes and bags. Innovation is altering the product so that when it is used or co nsumed, it is new and attractive. Thereon, consistency in supply and quality again should be sustained. Lastly, when innovation is implemeted, the product or products has to pass the taste and preferences of the target market. Test marketing can be done through the trade envoys in the various embassies.That wold be part of promotion and advertising already. 1. 5 Retail Objectives As previously mentioned, one of the objectives is to sell the products to wholesalers and not go into direct retailing. The fibers of bulk wool, and wool thread may be sold to textile mills suppliers. The woven fabric may be sold to textile wholesalers whose down the line customers are tailors, haberdashers and manufacturers of apparel. The leather can be sold to large leather wholesalers. Lastly, the meat can be sold to a main office of a chain of grocery stores. 2. 0 SWOT Analysis of the Products a.Short and Long Wool Fibers in Bulk, Fine and Ordinary Wool Thread, and Fine and Ordinary Wool Textile Wool f ibers and products are unique in a sense that it provides better protection against cold weather. It is organic in nature and does not come from synthetic resins. It has been known to be the source of textile since production in Europe started. Clothing sewn from wool generally cater to residents of temperate and artic countries. Australia, because of its vast grazing lands can produce sheep in voluminous quantities assuring the consistency of supply. These are the strengths of these products.The weaknesses of wool products is that Australia’s geographic position is far from temperate and artic zones that are most populated, no market. On the side of the globe where Australia is located, the most developed market is Japan. Europian markets are not that accessible due to the distance which would increase freight costs. Another weakness is the acceptability of wool sewn clothing. Though fabric from wool make good blankets, its acceptability seem to be outdated because of the em ergence of felt and other cotton like materials that are also thick and provides good insulation from the cold.Blankets and sweaters are the most sewn apparel from wool, with the introduction of thicker textile substitutes, the demand for wool decreased. Another weakness is in terms of the acceptability of the fabric when in contact with human skin which may induce allergies. Lastly, the fabric produced is heavier in terms of weight, than other fabrics. Opportunities lie in the current and biggest emerging market, China. China is about 2 billion in population. China is an aggressive market because it has positioned itself in the ASEAN Region with trading agents and its strategy has become an open trade policy if proper liaison can be done.With very cheap machineries fabricated from the mainland, it may be possible to negotiate the R&D portion for the bulk wool fiber. The biggest threat comes from its largest competitor, cotton. Cotton is light and is very variable in terms of sewing clothing. Countries producing cotton are located near the tropical zone and are positioned nearer the emerging markets than Australia, meaning the freight costs are cheaper. b. Sheep Leather The strength of this product also lie in Australia’s capacity to produce it in bulk and it may come out cheaper than cow leather.The opportunity lie in the huge market in China and Korea for leather and it may mean the introduction of the product at the right quality, quantity and price to garner this market. As earlier mentioned, China and Korea have been manufacturing rubber shoes. The threat is again is in its competitor, cow leather, and Australia’s own leather production may be the same culprit. Balancing the export of the leather products, whether it comes from cow, kangaroos or sheep might be hard to implement if there is over production. c. Sheep Meat/Lambchops The strength of this product lie in the consistency of production.With the vast grazing lands in Australia and it s agriculture technology, sheep production has become comparable with cow production. Australia has gone into export of lamb meat during the mid 90’s, but has not fully developed the market potential. Australia is also known for its beef supply, though sheep meat has already been marketed (e. g. Philippines), the market forces somewhat gave the impression that supply is inconsistent. The weakness of this product is its acceptability because of its semi-pungent odor and knowledge has to be transferred to those who would cook it.Sheep meat, the same with goat meet, has to be processed or seared with heat first before it is cooked and the process is just simple frying of the exposed surfaces. There is a very large market opportunity for this due to two (2) given and existing circumstances: (1) there is growing consciousness about the carrying capacity of bad cholesterol of pork, chicken and beef, and (2) Muslims do not eat beef and they tend to shy away from pork as customary pr actice, instead, goat’s or sheep’s meat is preferred. The Muslim people and Chinese (because of the large population) in the ASEAN would also be in need of food.The opportunity to develop the demand for lambchops or sheep meat exists. This is a very large opportunity because there are large Muslim populations also in the same region. Mindanao in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore have a significant number of Muslims in their populace. Sheep meat has threats from cheap pork and chicken meat (beef prices are very high). Producers of pork and chicken in the ASEAN have been in the doldrums too because of the high cost of feed ingredients but once in a while there is glut in these particular markets when the U. S. and Canada dumps its excess production into the ASEAN region.The nations where excess are dumped generally protect their producers by imposing high tariffs for these products and this may also pose a threat if sheep meat becomes a lot cheaper than prices of pork or chicken. 3. 0 Strategies The brand positioning of wool, woolen products, sheep meat and leather may take the low key, low profile stance at first. Raw material from Australia, final product made in China or Korea. Australians may, might as well take advantage of the cheap labor from these manufacturing countries, and should allow the same to manufacture the end or final products such as shoes and apparel.When it comes to sheep meat, it could carry an Australian brand since there is no other large sheep production in the region. The market entry or re-entry strategy can be to invite Chinese investors to conduct the R&D portion for the short and long fiber segregation. Let them develop and fabricate the machinery then buy the machinery from them with the intent to supply the manufactured fibers to them also. With fiber segregation, comes thread production, then textile milling or fabric production. The Chinese have already machinery for these and it could be included in the package.It may revolutionize Australia’s textile industry. The practice of machinery acquisition in exchange of manufactured end product or raw materials have already been done by the Chinese in Thailand and the Philippines. To exemplify, vapor heat treatment plants for mangoes were put up in Thailand in corroboration with a private company and the Thailand government, provided the Chinese will buy the entire mango produced. In the Philippines, decorticating machines for coconut fibers were loaned to a government agency in charge of the coconut industry, provided all the fibers (whether short or long fibers) were bought back.Thus market entry or re-entry is possible with the Chinese, to supply the R&D, needed machinery, and provided all the produce would be bought back. The general strategy for market expansion is to let foreign investors come in and put up their own plants to manufacture the mentioned products herein, provided they market the products themselves. Sal es strategy advertising is easy with the global upgrade in information technology. But, for the general public to be aware of emerging new policies of trading in Australia could require direct advertising in television and newspapers.This could be done through the trade consuls of the embassies of Australia in the countries within the ASEAN Region. The strategy for product positioning can be generalized to be generic sold products at first, and then acquire a brand name later on. This could probably mean that the goods are traded are in bulk status. 3. 1 Sales Strategies For market segmentation, the particulars could be Japan, China, and Muslims from the ASEAN Region. It would be better to cut off the supply with Japan first, let China enter.Market forces should be monitored for control and market research. China has several retail outlets in key cities in Japan (Tokyo, Kyoto, Nagasaki, etc.. ). For Muslims, which would pertain to sheep meat marketing, trade consuls can offer counte r trade measures to promote the product. Counter trade means there is no change hands of currency but plain barter. This is usually done on a government to government (G-to-G) basis. Stratety in distribution would be in terms of volume. The best would be to allow China to buy all, as this has been their practice with other countries.Slowly remove the Japanese market and let the Chinese do the trading and networking, make the Chinese Australia’s allies in trading. Definitely there will be some unpleasant reactions with the U. S. and the U. K. with these move, thus the Australian government should be ready for this. 3. 2 Product Strategies The product strategies can come in terms of service and support. When the Chinese have decided to enter into Australian territories, they might as well have some incentives like free trade zones, less tariffs for machineries, dedicated warehouses and maritime discounts in berthing their ships.This can justify adjusted lower FOB pricing rates and the high costs of freight.. 3. 3 Pricing Strategies Now that the general strategy is to tap China as an emerging market, at first FOB prices of the manufactured goods must be 5 to 10 per cent lower compared to its competitors. This should be done provided a yearly marketing contract can be inked with the Chinese. Chinese traders practice forard buying; which means that they might opt to buy the whole production for one year of a manufacturing plant, securing a low price and selling the manufactured goods when prices of the goods go up.This semi-monopolistic in nature but works very well if a company is into trading and has very huge capital base. Forward buying is very capital intensive. 3. 4 Retail Strategies The trends for market position of wool and its corollary products should start from the very basic step of the product chain that it can access abroad, the wholesalers. China is a wholesaler and bulk trader. The manufacturing sector of wool and other products must at first , take a stand that their final export product must give a privilege for better profit for the wholesalers as their allies.In the short run, this may mean that in order for the products to penetrate the retail market, other people outside the wholesalers network must be deplored and employed by the wholesalers themselves. It also may mean that the wholesalers that are buying the final export products could independently establish their own retail chains. Thus, the first position of the wool and other corollary wool products should be that of the wholesalers dominion. The next, and without violation of the terms and conditions with the current wholesalers, would be the retailing sector. 5.0 Budget The product marketing plan must come in phases; therefore, it would be hard to arrive at a fix budget for the total project cost of implementing the plan. Only in the first phase can a budget be appropriated for approval. The first phase would be to approve the concept and policies in the m agistrates of the Australian government and conduct advertising and marketing campaigns for the re-aligned trade and marketing policies through the embassies. TV and newspaper promotions would be the bulk of the cost of the campaign. Let us estimate the allocation at A$ 200,000.00 per country, targeting seven (7) countries; total estimated budget is A$ 1. 4MM. This can suffice buying airtime and newspaper publishing for one year. Additional single-liaison staff maybe hired in the embassies but the representation allowance should be flexible, as Chinese representatives are hungry for wine and dine related negotiations. 5. 0 Future Trends and Issues of Marketing Concern The future trends in the global market: more use of organic fibers and leather rather than synthetic substitutes because of the characteristic that synthetics churn toxic fumes when it burns.In the last few decades when there was little awareness on accidents concerning toxic fumes, the trend was to use non-organic fib ers. But when research resulted to synthetic fibers as the source of toxicity, the manufacturing sector using synthetics has slowly reverted to organic sources. This is the same trend with foods and sheep meat as health food will become a fad. The future issues that may arise are that of capital flight to Australia from China, exchange rate fluctuations, currency retention in the partner countries. This can be addressed by lowering or totally eliminating the trade deficits between partner countries.Whereas, Australia may buy Chinese machinery and equipment in return for a captured export market, at both profitable levels of operation, ROI’s and ROE’s can be internally kept a secret within and between both trading partners. 6. 0 Conclusion The product marketing plan designed herein to increase the export revenues of the wool manufacturing sector in Australia is to garner a corresponding increase in the gross trade revenues of the country as a whole. It must consider the balance of trade with the ally it will do the trading with.In terms of foreign investments, the trading partner, in this particular case it is China, Australia must be very cautious in the pricing of the machineries and the technology that China will bring in. Machineries and technology prices are hard to determine especially if the entity who would buy such were not involved in the actual design of the latter. Australia could only specify the technical data and the percieved or target outputs of the machineries. At any rate, technology is a fast maturing factor. New technologies emerge as the old ones are still being used.It may be that the cost at the start would be very high, but as the machineries depreciate, the technology depreciates and so with the cost. Further, the after sales service agreement with the Chinese for the machineries could be designed in a such a way that the acquisition of spare parts and other necessary materials to run the machineries can be less costly. T hese would all depend on the transparency of the trading partner. The logic behind it is that both partners should make enough profits from a sustainable industry and the profits should be declared as transparent as possible.This is the very reason why the long-term goals are the focus of the product marketing plan. 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