Preparing to Conduct Business Research Res/351

Preparing to Conduct Business RES/351 Preparing To Conduct Business In recent news, Bank of America publically announced its plan to make changes to debit card customer accounts in 2012 (Chang, 2011, NBC San Diego). To date, Bank of America has a â€Å"fee-free† policy on these types of accounts however; new regulations on debit card accounts are a hindrance to the Bank’s ability to maximize return on investments. As a result the bank is considering implementing a surcharge on checking accounts.However, the bank must determine if this will affect the attitudes and behaviors of customers. To achieve this, Bank of America must conduct business research. The Research Question When managers use business research a systematic inquiry to aid in the decision-making process. Because Bank of America has discovered the defined the management dilemma, a refinement of the research question is necessary. The information or data collected through exploratory research helps formulate the research question.In essence, the â€Å"research question is the hypothesis that best states the objective of the researcher or the questions that focuses the researcher’s attention† (Cooper & Schnidler, 2011, p 83, paragraph 1). Hypotheses and Variables â€Å"A hypothesis is a relational statement describing a relationship between two or more variables† (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 83, paragraph 1). These variables are designed to show a correlation to each other. The hypotheses are: Bank of America is facing angry loyal customers with the new five dollar charge whenever they use a debit card.Customers may find a new financial institution if the fee is added to their account. Based on the defined hypotheses, variables, and research question, the bank can prepare a research design strategy. Research Design Strategy Before Bank of America finalizes its decision to streamline debit card transaction fees from merchants to customers; it should gauge the attitude s and behaviors of its account holders. Therefore, the research design must be attitudinal research.Attitudinal research uses multiple measurements of attitude across time and environments to improve predictions. The attitudes of consumers must consider as â€Å"hypothetical constructs because of their complexity and the fact that they are inferred from the measurement data, not actually observed† (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 292, paragraph 6). These attitudes will be assessed on a ranking scale that captures indicators of different dimension of awareness, feelings, or behavioral intentions toward Bank of America.This ranking scale is ideal because it â€Å"constrains the study participant to making comparisons and determining order among two or more indicants or objects† (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 295, paragraph 2). In the end, Bank managers will need to gauge whether existing customers have a positive attitude toward the bank; whether or not they will develop negat ive attitudes toward the bank if they implement fee changes, and if the creation of negative attitudes will change customer behavior.Instrument Development Bank of America can resolve management dilemmas by listening to customers. Therefore, customer feedback can be gathered through surveys. By taking surveys, Bank of America will be able to determine the next course of action. Any other type of research tool is not necessary in this particular situation as the survey will provide the information necessary to make a decision. Figure 1 is a sample of the customer survey data collection design. Bank of America Customer Survey|How satisfied are they with the existing debit card services at Bank of America| * Very Satisfied| * Satisfied| * Somewhat Satisfied| * Not Satisfied| How likely are they to become dissatisfied with Bank of America if imposed a $5 flat monthly debit card transaction fee| * Very dissatisfied| * Dissatisfied| * Somewhat dissatisfied| * Not dissatisfied| How likely are the customers use another banking institution if Bank of America imposed a $5 flat monthly debit card transaction fee| * Very likely| * Likely| * Somewhat likely| * Unlikely| Figure One.Surveying Bank of America customers to discover a linkage between attitude and behavior. | Ethics and Sampling To ensure the results of the research are ethical and valid a proper sample design is necessary. A sample design consists of methods, sample frame, and sample size. The convenience sampling method will be most appropriate for Bank of America’s research as it will save time and money. The goal of the sample is to find what is most important to customers and if they would be willing to pay increased fees.Bank of America will have access to every one of their customers by way of banking or ATMs. Surveys can be assigned to ATMs, or handed out at Bank of America locations as customers arrive for their day-to-day banking needs. These samplings will be random. Probability sampling, based on random selection, ensures each population element is a known nonzero chance of selection. This provides estimations of precision and offers an opportunity for generalized findings to the population of interest from the sample population. Thus Bank of America can both conveniently and randomly survey customers.In addition to improving the validity of the sample, convenient randomized sampling promotes good ethical research practices. Finally, the convenience sample method eliminates the need to hire out the survey work or develop research teams. What sampling frame will be used Bank of America’s customer listing will act as the sample frame. This list shows the customers who have been banking with them both past and present. This will give the sampling method a larger pool to gather information to complete the research needed. What is the appropriate sampling size? The appropriate sampling size is achieved by many factors.These factors are the size of the study, population size, the purpose of the study, and the risk of selecting a wrong sample design. The size of the sample must be in a certain criteria such as precision level, confidence level, and the variability degree. In the case of sampling the attitudes of Bank of America customers and their decision to withdraw their accounts from the bank or not can be accomplished by sampling several states across the country. Determining the sample size is very important, it may vary from one to another. In work environment knowing about the sample size before start taking random samples help a lot.To determine the sample size these are the five steps that used in research. Data analysis approach After the data is gathered from the survey, the fourth stage of the research process is put together. The data analysis approach for Bank of America will use a Pareto diagram that is a chart whose percentages sum to 100%. â€Å"The data are derived from a multiple choice, single-response scale†¦the responde nts answers are sorted in decreasing importance, with bar height in descending order from left to right† (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 440, paragraph 2). Result ReportingThe result reporting part of the research should be where all the information that everyone is reading in the reports that will better understand the issues and be able to fix all the wrong issues. Reports should be in certain format and shows every bit of research done on the bank. The information should be sent to the head person who takes care of all the paperwork to be analyzed. This report should contain an introduction, about the research, the hypothesis, surveys, and the kind of issues or improvements to improve the bank, and the conclusion on all the information that was gathered from the report.The report can be written in thousands ways. The report could be displayed through a PowerPoint presentation or a well presented paper, hand wrote on note cards. Many varied objects can make this easy for them t o review the results to the report. Conclusion Even with the charge that Bank of America will be charging people to use their debit card there will be a large disagreement on whether or not customers will be happy with the business they will receiving from Bank of America.With surveys and interviews to see what the customers think will give the bank something to look at before going through with the entire process. To ensure that the bank will not lose money or customers, they must conduct extensive research to assess the consequences. References Chang, H. (2011, October 1). Bank of America to charge $5 monthly debit card fee. NBC San Diego Online Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://www. nbcsandiego. com/news/local/Bank-of-America-Charge-Monthly-Debit-Card-Usage-Fee-130803293. html? source=Facebook Cooper, D. & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Huff post business. (2011, September 29). Bank of America plans to charge monthly $5 debit card fee. Huffington Post Online Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/29/bank-of-america-debit-card-fee_n_987304. html? view=screen Richardson, C. (2011, September 30). Debit card fees: Why Bank of America will charge $5 for debit card use? Christian Science Monitor. p. N. PAG.

Four Year Colleges vs. Community Colleges Essay

Why does Breakthrough emphasize four year colleges and universities? Should Breakthrough programs steer students to use community colleges as â€Å"stepping stones† toward bachelor’s degrees? Would community colleges be cheaper for students? Does it matter where students start their post†secondary educations, as long as they end up with bachelor’s degrees? It is true that once students have their bachelor’s degrees, it makes little difference, in terms of earnings potential and job prospects, what path they took to get there. However, the likelihood of earning a bachelor’s degree is significantly reduced if a student starts her post†secondary education at a community college, and the amount of time it takes to complete a bachelor’s degree (and potentially, the amount of loans a student accrues) is greatly increased. Additionally, research shows that the kinds of students Breakthrough serves—low†income, minority, first generation—are less likely to transfer from community colleges to four†year colleges and earn bachelor’s degrees. Therefore, the research supports the fact that students are more likely to complete bachelor’s degrees if they start their post† secondary educations at four†year colleges or universities. Is community college more cost-effective? Without factoring in financial aid, the average tuition and fees at community college is less than half of the average tuition and fees at a public four†year institution and 1/10th of the tuition and fees at a private four year institution. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average annual tuition and fees in 2006†07 was: †¢ $2,017 †in†state student attending a community college †¢ $5,685 † full†time, in†state student at a public four year college or university †¢ $20,492 † full time student at a private four year college and university However, while the tuition and fees at community colleges are significantly less, without knowing a student’s financial aid package at a four year institution, it is difficult to determine the relative cost† effectiveness. Additionally, considering the amount of time it takes students who begin in community college to complete their bachelor’s degrees, it is unclear how much cost savings there is in the end. Does it take longer for students to complete bachelor’s degrees if they start at community colleges? On average, it takes students 1 ½Ã¢â‚¬ 2 years longer to complete bachelor’s degrees if they begin at community colleges than if they begin at four†year colleges. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average time it takes to complete a bachelor’s degree is: †¢ 71 months for students who begin at 2†year colleges †¢ 55 months for students who begin at four year public colleges †¢ 50 months for students who begin at four year private colleges Is there a difference in the earnings of community college graduates and graduates of four†year institutions? If community college students do manage to transfer quickly and graduate from four†year colleges, there is little evidence to show that there are significant earning differentials between students who start at community colleges and students who start at four†year colleges (Kane and Rouse, 1995; Hilmer, 2000). The problem is that many community college students do not quickly transfer into four† year colleges nor do they ultimately complete their bachelor’s degrees. For those individuals who start at community colleges and don’t transfer to four†year institutions, there are repercussions in terms of their earnings potential. The average annual median income for adults who have associate’s degrees is approximately $13,000 less per year than adults who have bachelor’s degrees ($32,900 vs. $45,700), or $500,000 less in estimated lifetime earnings (U.S. Department of Labor, 2002). If the intention is to change the economic trajectory of Breakthrough students (i.e., end the cycle of poverty), then having Breakthrough students begin their post†secondary educations at four†year colleges is the best way to ensure they complete their bachelor’s degrees. Is there a difference in the attrition rates of students at community colleges vs. students at four†year colleges? The attrition rate for students at community colleges, even those students who have an explicit intent to pursue bachelor’s degrees, is far greater than the attrition rate of students at four year colleges. In 2006: †¢ 39% of students at community colleges who intended to pursue bachelor’s degrees left school without completing a degree or certificate program †¢ 17% of students at four year public colleges left school without completing a degree †¢ 16% of students at four year private colleges left school without completing a degree (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008 Special Analysis of Community College data)

Musical cultures of native american and brazil Essay

Musical cultures of native american and brazil - Essay Example "Traditional music culture in Brazil and Native American cultures" essay describes the diversity of music styles of these cultures. These two groups of people have had a long history characterized by struggle, the strife and the final triumph. To begin with, The American Song published by Alexander Street Press. It is a large database that contains over 50,000 tracks which offer room for people to listen to and have a feel of America's past music. As such the database includes songs formulated by the Native Americans, the immigrants as well as slaves. Also inclusive in the database are Civil Rights songs, the political campaigns, Civil War among much more. The Encyclopedia of Natives Music: More Than a Century of Recording from Wax Cylinder to the Internet by Brian Wright-McLeod, illustrated by photographs and cover albums. And printed by Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2005 for Fine Art Music Collections provides vital information concerning the Native American culture. As such, the Encyclopedia of Native American Music recognizes contributions made by some Native recording artists by examining commercially released music history. Indeed it provides an overview of the recorded Native music while pointing out its historical value which has been organized by the genre for a much quicker reference. In addition, soundtracks as well as, compilation albums for artists have been included. As such this book enumerates some spoken word recordings and further includes comedy, poetry and audio books. Indian Blues: American Indian and Politics of Music, 1879-1934 written by, John W.T,    Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, c2009. As such, Troutman  examines the politics of music on the Indian reservations and public venues as well as, reservation boarding schools at the beginning of the 20th century. During this period , US government (Office of the Indian Affairs) was engaged in controlling the musical practices Indian Americans as a way of assimilating them. The author uses the opening of the Carlisle Indians School in 1879, and the enactment of the Indians Reorganization Act in 1934 at the start and conclusions. As such, he examines how the Native American, government officials as well as , the non-Indian audiences adopted musical practice in order to shape the Indian policy. Music of the First Nations: Traditions and Innovations in the Native North American edited by Tara Browner.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c2009.  As such, this anthology lays out a numb er of ways in approaching an ethnomusicology of the musical expression of the Native Americans. Concerning the Culture in Brazil, About.com Latin music describes different types of traditional songs performed in Brazil, more particularly; the samba, Bossa nova and Choro have been identified. Additionally, Buzzlle describes different forms of Brazilian music, and the musical instruments used, listing, Bateria, Ganza Shekere, and the tambourine among others RESPONSE TO III The challenges include language diversity, rise of global communications and the ease at which people move, increased competition, the American cultural exchange service, the Bahia

Case study(Leadership) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

(Leadership) - Case Study Example The leader who seeks to bring about organizational changes should understand the need for change, the change processes, implementing change, and possible reactions. Bass (1985 cited in Shackleton 1995, p. 113) and Burns (1978 cited in Shackleton 1995, p. 113) put forth the concept of transformational leadership. In spite of some variations, there is broad agreement in the concept suggested by Bass and Avolio through their "Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)" and the "Managerial Practices Survey (MPS)" of Yukl, which includes managerial practices such as clarifying, supporting, inspiring and team building. (Tracey and Timothy, 1998). Ultimate Office Products realized that changes in the atmosphere such as intensified competition and heightened consumer expectations called for improvements in customer service such as electronic order processing, tracking and servicing. The company instituted the new department of information systems with Richard Kelly its director. Richard observed many unnecessary activities and bottlenecks were slowing down work processes. He installed new computer workstations and software to speed up and control the processes. However as most departmental heads - Richard's peers resisted change it could not be implemented. The CEO authorized constituting a number of cross-functional teams under Richard to report to a steering committee composed of departmental heads. The task forces were constituted to identify changes required in work processes. An outside consultant was called in to advise the task forces. The 'task forces' met with key customers to understand customer preferences and improve the efficiency of order filling system. They made recommendations to the steering committee often attended by the CEO to emphasize its seriousness. With the cooperation of all departmental heads, the company eliminated many unnecessary processes and within a year, was able to double order processing speed. The 'change for the better' brought about a change in peoples' attitudes too and many of them now volunteer to work on teams that design ways to improve service quality. B. The leaders' behaviour The CEO was able to see the environment driving change: discount merchandisers and office product super-stores altering traditional distribution channels. Manufacturers were challenged with demands for rate cuts and speedier processes for billing and filling orders. This necessitated process automation, which is primarily a change in technology and entailed in the creation of the new department of information. Richard Kelly the director of the new department installed the components for automating processes, the computer workstations and software. However installation of new technology by itself cannot bring about desired changes without making efforts to bring about simultaneous changes in the attitudes, skills and roles of various stakeholders. Richard, was not able to put the equipment to use as some of the key stakeholders, managers from sales, production, accounting, shipping and customer service, who were his peers did

Legalization of Marijuana (medicinal purposes only) Research Paper

Legalization of Marijuana (medicinal purposes only) - Research Paper Example For instance, in â€Å"Drugs: The Facts About Marijuana,† Ted Gottfried claims that â€Å"cannabis was used during the last half of the nineteenth century to treat gout, migraine headaches, rheumatism, hysteria, depression, loss of appetite, childbirth pains, and many other conditions† (11). During this time in history, marijuana was used extensively for its medicinal purposes. It was much beneficial but lacked consistency and standardization in the drug’s strength. Hence, slowly, the use of the drug for medicinal purposes declined. By the mid 1960’s, marijuana became the most abused illegal drug of the country. In the 1969 concert famously known as Woodstock, the use and abuse of marijuana created an outrage. Thus, from the 1970’s onwards, marijuana was not only illegal but was a serious crime against the law. Central to this debate today is whether to legalize its use or not and if to legalize, the limitations to be imposed. In religious, politica l and economic scenes, proponents have mainly based their arguments on the plant’s medicinal benefits while opponents cite issues to do with crime rate and health consequences e.g. brain damage among others. For instance, in 1996, the state of California legalized the use of marijuana in medical institutions for the relief of certain problems such as nausea and migraines. Contrary to this is the harm that marijuana legalization would entail. Thus, majority of the U.S. are against its legalization. In Ian Thomson’s â€Å"Inhaling: The Changing Significations of Marijuana in Hegemonic and Subcultural Discourses, from Antiquity Through its Prohibition,† he claims that the use of marijuana â€Å"had cost U.S. Supreme Court nominee, Douglas Ginsburg, a seat on the bench in 1987, a fact undoubtedly not lost on fast-rising political star Bi11 Clinton. He suggestively pointed out that similar use during the 1988 campaign by Bruce Babbit and Al Gore did no harm to their political careers† (3). The current American President, Barrack Obama, also admitted to have used it rather frequently in his early years. However, Obama, unlike Ginsburg, made it clear in numerous occasions that he is against marijuana legalisation but claimed that new ways need to be formulated. Kayla Morgan elucidates this in a work entitled â€Å"Legalizing Marijuana,† by saying that raids and prosecution of marijuana users would no longer be necessary (7). Nevertheless, the debate still remains open to question. The legalization of marijuana can be seen from two general perspectives, that is, from its advantages and disadvantages. Marijuana legalisation, being a controversial issue across the world, has both its pros and cons but in essence, its pros far outweigh its cons. It is important to appreciate that other people’s views are necessary in developing landmark legislations. This calls for the need to look keenly into the moral and economic issues that s urround marijuana use, whether it be for medicinal use or as a normal recreational drug. It is also quite necessary to dig deeper into the reasons as to why this issue is controversial, as well as the possible reasons people fight for its prohibition; one being its moral implications. In â€Å"Legalizing Marijuana,† Kayla Morgan states, â€Å"Legalizing marijuana is a moral issue for people on both sides of the debate† (10). These people argue that legalizing marijuana is morally wrong not because of its health or economic basis but because it manipulates

Music concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music concert report - Essay Example Other pieces played had incorporation of instruments such as bass guitar, Hammond organ, harmonica, and electric guitar blue rock. Personally, I comprehended the genre associated with heavy metal , boogie rock , Garage rock , southern rock , punk blues hard rock. The band consisted of blend of old generation people with youthful blood in it. The organizers of the event sold their tickets through Ticketmaster.com quite early in time thus facilitating the convergence of a substantial number of people to the function. From the concert I mastered the relevant core blues rock. These were an electric guitar, drum kit and bass guitar which the artists applied to ignite the mood of the people. The electric hugely amplified via the tube guitar in a typical overdrive effect. It was observable that to produce the customized reverberation, two guitars were played in subsequence to riffs and some of the chords on the rhythmical guitar. Synchronically, another artist must be playing corresponding melodic lines and rhythmical solos from the lead guitar. While at the concerts we as the audience were served with cool nice combination of instruments melodies thus widening our zeal and love for the music. Am not a fan of rock but I had to appreciate the model on which it was availed. The musicals created a conducive and soothing environment. The fusion of drumbeats and other instruments provided very nice tranquility and comfort zone.Personally, my main aim for the occasion was to relate with history.

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example ard as a performance tool includes integrating all relevant facets into a comprehensively detailed report which apparently includes quality, shortens response time, manages on a longer-term perspective, reduces the number of times for new product launch, and emphasizes the value of teamwork. Likewise, there is also the acknowledged benefit of maximizing the potentials of organizational resources. The balanced scorecard concept and strategic performance measure is reported to be effectively implemented by initially establishing explicitly defined goals (quality, time, performance, service); as well as translating these goals into specifically designed measures or strategies of accomplishment. Finally, it was noted that the main responsibility and applicability of the balanced scorecard in the organization falls within the upper or senior levels of management; and performed by members of lower levels of

Life of a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life of a nurse - Essay Example No matter what patients are going through, theyre always there to thank you. These are the basic reasons that motivate me to be and continue to grow in this profession. In this paper I would like to put my hectic experience as a nurse and how the team work helped me. It’s a typical Monday night and our census is high. We have twenty four beds, all of which were occupied and four of them were sent to the pediatric ward. Of the total twenty eight patients, twelve were postoperative surgeries cases which include complex spines, total hips and knees surgeries and couple of ORIF’s demanding special care. Each registered nurse in our team has five patients. In addition, due to overcrowding the charge nurse also have three patients. I was in charge of two fresh postoperative patients, one who is a 45 year old male who had the ORIF of right ankle and another a 77 year old female who is a status post posterior lumbar interbody fusion who was shifted to one of the pediatric unit room. The other patients that I was in-charge included a second day status post simple spine surgeries, and a 55 year old male with a diagnosis of ETOH abuse. Once I finished the inter-shift report, I realized that it is going to be a busy night. I normally start my shift by looking at the central oxinet monitor in the nurse’s station to reassure myself that my fresh postoperative patients are hooked up to the oxinet. Surprisingly, I noticed that my patient who is located in the pediatric unit is not on the central oxinet monitor, and I immediately went to the room to assess the patient. As a finish my assessment, I went back to supply room to look for an oxinet machine but unfortunately, there is no available oxinet machine at this time. The unit secretary contacted the central supply unit requesting for the machine but they informed that they have only the portable oxinet available. The problem with the portable oxinet is that it cannot be centrally

Rapid-Cycling Populations of Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rapid-Cycling Populations of - Essay Example It has already been established that there is a lot of variation in the attributes that distinguish intraspecific taxa. Another weakness is that despite their importance and diversity, there is little genetic information available on brassicas and radish (Williams & Hill 1386). This is brought about (partially) by the long reproductive cycles (6-12 months or more) for majority of horticultural types. There is a close connection between this paper and my experiment this semester. The connection becomes evident when one reads the sections of the paper that detail the various uses and applications of brassica its related species. Economic uses like the production of edible and industrial oils are an indication of the chemical components of brassica. In addition to this, use of brassica as animal fodder, vegetables, and in the production of condiment mustard is testament to the fact that brassica are made up of minerals and other components which are of nutritional value to both humans and

Types of Cooperatives Essay Example for Free

Types of Cooperatives Essay The following are the main types of cooperative enterprises: i.Producer Cooperative Societies These are formed to eliminate the middlemen and capitalist groups from the  industrial production. Its main purpose is to produce goods for the requirements of its members. Surplus productions are also supplied to out riders in the open market at profit. All the necessary activities .as production, management and marketing are performed by the members themselves. Its members get dividend on the basis of the capital invested by them. Objects (a)To purchase the raw materials and other factors at most economical prices. (b)To produce the goods at the most economical level. (c)To supervise the production most efficiently and effectively. (d)To dispose of the surplus production to non members at maximum prices. (e)To eliminate the middlemen and capitalists. (f)To remove the workers grievances in respect of working conditions, wages etc. (g)To arrange for the democratic control of the industrial unit. ii.Consumer Cooperative Societies The society is the voluntary association of ordinary people formed with the object of obtaining daily requirements of the members. It directly purchases the goods at large scale from the producer or wholesalers at whole sale price. It thus eliminates capitalists, retailers and other middlemen from the channel of distribution and members are in a position to make their purchase at cheater rate. Anyone can become member by purchasing one share of the society. Sometimes goods are also supplied to non-members but they do not share in the profit of the society. Profit earned by the store are distributed among the members according to the value of the purchases conducted by the manager who is elected by the members. Generally its two types are popular in the world. (a)Retail cooperative store. (b)Wholesale cooperative store. Objects 1.To eliminate the retailers, capitalists and wholesalers. 2.To promote the welfare of the members. 3.To supply the daily necessities of life to its members at market price. 4.To increase the purchasing power an standard of living of the members of the society. iii.Marketing Cooperative Society It is the voluntary association of producers formed for the object of arranging the disposal of their output. It pools together the output of the individual members and arranges to supply the product at highest possible price. The profit of the sale of the ~ products is distributed among the contributing producers according to their individual contribution to the pool. This kind of society is particularly useful for the small producers and agriculturists. It can be formed in two organization according to the local condition of the country i.e. (a)Single purpose society (b)Multi purposes society Objectives 1.To eliminate the middlemen who are liable of the high cost of marketing. 2.To pool together the output of the individual members. 3.To grade and process of the pooling products of the members. 4.To dispose of the product at the maximum price. 5.To adjust supply to demand. 6.To provide storage facilities to its members. 7.To procure the information relating to market for the members product. 8.To provide the financial facilities to its members. iv. Insurance Cooperative Society This type of cooperative society is formed for the objects of providing group insurance facilities to its members. It makes the contract with sound insurance company on collective terms and conditions and thus pay lower premium rate to insurance company as compared with ordinary policy holders. These are other two forms of cooperative Insurance i.e. 1.Mutual office 2.Self concern. In the Mutual office, the policy holders are the owners and the profit of the insurance company is utilized in the following ways: (a)To strengthen the financial position of the company. (b)To decrease true amount of premium. (c)To distribute bonus to its members. Self concern Cooperative society is organized to provide insurance facilities like the private insurance company and issued policy to its members for reasonable amount. Object 1.To provide insurance facilities to its members. 2.To charge the low rate of premium. 3.To promote the welfare of the members. 4.To encourage the habit of thrift and investment. v.Housing Cooperative society It is an association of middle and low income groups of people. Generally it is formed in urban areas. The main purpose of this form of society is to protect its members against exploitation by landlords. It not only grants financial assistance to its members but also achieve the economics of purchase of building material in bulk. In order to become a member of the society one must buy at least one share of the society. The liability of the member is limited to his capital contributed. It is also called Building Society and may be divided into three types i.e. (1)Housing Building Society (2)Land Society (3)Finance Society Objectives 1.To receive deposits from its members. 2.To make loans to its members for the construction of house at low rate of interest. 3.To render technical services for its members. 4.To purchase building materials at economical rate. 5.To perform the welfare activities as water supply, roads, sewerage, electricity etc. vi. Cooperative Farming Society This form of Society is formed with the object of obtaining the benefits of large scale farming and maximizing agricultural products. It is basically agricultural. cooperative which is confined to agricultural countries. Its members generally relate to the formers including those owing land. The cooperative forming are of the following types: 1.Cooperative collective farming Society. 2.Cooperative joint farming society. 3.Cooperative better farming society. 4.Cooperative tenant farming society. Objective (a)To consolidate holding. (b)To introduce new technique of cultivation. (c)To improve the irrigating system. (d)To increase the area under agricultural operations. (e)To make necessary steps for the improvements of the standard of living of the farmers. (f)To increase the production per acre. (g)To provide seeds manures and implements to its members. (h)To dispose of agricultural output. vii. Credit Cooperative Society Credit cooperative society is the voluntary association of .the financially weak persons organized with the object of providing short term financial requirements to them. This society performs important role in the rural areas where the dishonest money lenders have been exploiting simple villagers by charging high rate of interest. The Funds of the society consist of (a) Membership fees, (b) Dispose of shares (c) Deposits from members and non-members (d) Loan from govt. and semi govt. The liability of members is unlimited. This assists the society in raising funds and ensures that every member will take keen interest in the activities of the society. The society prefers the poorer members in granting loan and charges low rate of interest from them. Generally the society advances the amount for productive purposes but some loans are also given to members for unproductive purposes. Credit cooperative society may be divided into two types: (1)Agricultural Credit Society (2)Non-agricultural credit Society Objects (a)To get rid of the pressure of money lenders. (b)To provide the financial facilities for short term to its members. (c)To keep the minimum rate of interest on loan. (d)To develop the habit of thrift and saving among the members. (f)To encourage the habit of mutual aid.

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 closes a legal loophole, (whereby defendants in murder and manslaughter cases could escape conviction by claiming each other had killed the child), by creating a new offence of causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult. The offence establishes a new criminal responsibility for members of a household where they know that a child or vulnerable adult is at significant risk of serious harm.(NSPCC, 2010) This Act is about the focus on criminal justice upon legal protection and assistance to victims of crime, particularly domestic violence. It expands to the provision for trials without a jury, brings in new rules for trials for causing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, permits bailiffs to use force to enter homes.(Wikipedia, 2011) What are childrens need? The definition of childrens needs is not easy. Katz suggested that one of the most salient aspects of the field of early childhood education is the sharp divergence of views among workers and clients concerning what young children need as well as how and when these needs should be satisfied (Katz 1977:69). Maslow (1954) identified three types of need: primary needs (air, food, sleep); emotional needs (love, security); and social needs (acceptance by ones peers). What Law says about childrens right? Childrens rights focuses on the domestic laws and policies that affect child health and social welfare, education and special needs, child labour and exploitation, sale and trafficking of children, and juvenile justice. The childrens rights movement promotes legal protections and safeguards for children, distinct from those of adult. How to safeguard a child? The solution in order to protect children from being abuse is going on the extra mile to care about the childrens life after school hours in order to keep a relationship between the family. It is essential that to understand the families background because we might not able to understand them better through the children. We need people to be more caring. What is abuse? Abuse is an attempt to control the behaviour of another person. It is a misuse of power which uses the bond of intimacy, trust and dependency to make victim vulnerable.(novavita,nd) There are types of abuses:- physical sexual neglect psychological / emotional Physical abuse is often the most easily recognized form of abuse. Hitting, shaking, burning, pinching, biting, choking, throwing, beating and other actions are categorized as physical abuse, it may also cause physical injury, leave marks or cause pains. Sexual abuse is a sexual act or contact between an adult and anyone younger than 18 years old; between a significantly older child and a younger child; or if one person overpowers another, regardless of age. Psychological or emotional can be the most difficult to identify because there are usually no outward signs of the abuse. This abuse happens when yelling and anger go too far or when parents constantly criticise, threaten, or dismiss kids or teens until their self-esteem and feelings of self-worthy is damaged. Emotional abuse can hurt and cause damage just as physical abuse do. Neglect is difficult to identify and define. Neglect occurs when a child doesnt have the primary needs like food, shelter, clothes, medical care or supervision. Emotional neglects happen when a parent doesnt provide enough emotional support or deliberately and consistently pays very little or no attention to the child. This doesnt mean that a parent doesnt give a kid something he or she wants, like a new computer or a cell phone, but more to basic needs like food , shelter and love. What improvements has been done between the Childrens Act 1989 and Childrens Act 2004? After the astonishing incident of Victoria Climbie, the Act was created with a certain goals. It built in such a way that to give boundaries and help for local authorities and/or other entitles to better regulate official intervention in the interests of children. The Act also made changes to the law that pertain to children, notably on foster homes,adoption agencies, babysitting services and the handling of child-related crimes and crimes against children. Reasons of child abuse There are many factors that are potentially to start child abuse. Most commonly are the past events of child abusers that they experienced while they were young and as they grow up, they think that its fine to hit or beat a child, in other words which is teaching them a lesson. Another factor is that parents or child abuser cannot withstand childrens nuisance especially when parents are undergoing stress or other aspects that they are not in rationale state to cause abuse to happen. The causes of child abuse are too much to be narrowed down to a single cause. Most of the time, there are multiple factors are in play. For example, a father is an alcoholic and some part of the family system is caught up in a cycle of abuse that spans generation of the family. Now we can say that the alcoholic may be a contributing factor to the dysfunction, but there is also the generational factor to consider. Therefore, analysing the cause of child abuse , its easier to break it into sub categories which put children at risk for being abuse and neglect. These includes the social-economic causes of child abuse, family environment, parental profile and child-related characteristics. The term causes of child abuse is in reality about the conditions which may make child abuse more likely. There are 4 major causes of child abuse: Social economics Family income level Differing cultural value Institutionalized manifestations of abuse Family Environment Domestic Violence Single Parents Child-rearing practices Parental Profile Age of the Parents Low self-confidence Past history of abuse Drug and alcohol problems Mental health problems Low prevalence of social ties Refusal to believe their way of parenting is wrong The parent is mentally handicapped in a way that doesnt enable him or her to provide proper care for their children Having unrealistic expectations for their children and little knowledge of the developmental stages children go through. Child-related Characteristics Age of the child The child has physical or mental handicaps Childs gender The was unwanted and/or reminds the parent of an absent partner or spouse Childs personality is not a good fit with the parents personalities Reduced positive interaction between a parent and child due to separation from a parent during critical development periods. Impact of each different types of abuse Physical child abuse effects vary from child to child depending on six factors: severity of the physical abuse How hard a child is struck is only one aspect of severity. The implement the child is struck with is also a factor. This does not mean that using an open hand or fist will result in fewer or lesser effects; the harm done to the child is measured both by physical injury and emotional injury frequency of the physical abuse A single incident of physical abuse can result in severe trauma, but generally, the more often the physical abuse occurs the greater the impact on the child. age of the child when physical abuse began The younger the child was at the on set of physical abuse, the greater the imprint, and thus, the greater the impact. This particularly evident when the abuse continues throughout the childs life. childs relationship to the abuser When a child has a very close relationship with his/her abuser, the feeling of betrayal are that much greater; the very person who is supposed to protect is instead hurting that child. availability of support persons When a child has no one to turn to, increased feelings to abandonment occur, which in turns adds to the physical child abuse effects. childs ability to cope A child will find a way to cope with the abuse. The methods a child uses can add to the effects. Coping skills can be: Physical emotional inward outward Emotional abuse effects are directly connected to the relationship between the victim and abuser. The closer the relationship, the more devastating the effects on the child or youth. As the intensity, frequency and duration of abuse increases, so does the effect on the psyche of that child or youth. The negative messages of emotional child abuse causes inner damage that either destroys or impairs the development of a positive sense of self. Emotional child abuse is by definition constant negative messages, but even a single message of rejection can have long-lasting negative effects on the child or youth. Physical Effects Speech problems lags in physical development failure to thrive facial tic eating disorders self harm drug abuse attempt suicide Behavioural Effects low self-worth irritability overly reactive sleep disorders inability to trust others depression inappropriate behaviour for age withdrawal profound sadness stealing lying prostitution engaging in risky behaviours Emotional Effects inability to control emotions questioning of religious beliefs The effects of child neglect are not limited to the children in the neglectful families. Research is now showing that effects last well into adulthood. And not just emotionally, but physically as well. Sexual abuse effects on children and youth can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was only one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. Children are vulnerable to sexual abuse because of their age, size and innocence. When a child or youth is molested, she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection: well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection. These lead to grief, depression, extreme dependency, inability to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. And as if all that isnt enough, children bodies often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. Conclusion Lastly, if a child is been abused mentally and physically, the possibility of the child to be affected is very high. This will not only affect the child himself but his future will be affected due to previous abuse that he has gone through. It is everyones responsibility to make sure all child is protected and given the right environment for their development in young age.

Benedick and Beatrices Love in Much Ado About Nothing Essay -- Much A

Entry 1: Act I: Don Pedro and his men return from the war and visit the house of Leonato and his brother, Antonio. This sudden meeting reunites Beatrice with her archrival, Benedick, and it is here that Claudio and Hero fall in love. React: In Shakespeare’s Much Ado about Nothing, there are the usual characters that show up in most of Shakespeare’s pieces. For instance the characters Hero and Claudio could easily be compared to Romeo and Juliet. Both Hero and Juliet are innocent, quite, and beautiful young women who fall in love instantly without conversing with the other person. Likewise, Claudio and Romeo decide to marry these women within twenty-four hours. Because of these characters’ lack of unique and interesting qualities, I am intrigued by Beatrice. Beatrice is by far the best character Shakespeare created; because of how effortlessly she lightens the mood. Beatrice is gifted with wit, humor, and strength uncommon in Shakespeare’s time. One can tell Beatrice’s drollness is at its best when speaking about or to Benedick. When Benedick greets her as â€Å"Lady Disdain† (I.i.109), she snaps, â€Å"Is it possible disdain should die, while she hath such meet food to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself must convert to disdain, if you come in her presence† (I.i.110-113). Instead of taking offense, she welcomes the name and essentially tells Benedick that she acts contemptuous only because she’s talking to him. She adds that she’s agreeable with everyone, with him as an exception. Benedick retorts that she’s lucky that she doesn’t love him like all the other women he knows, because he loves no one especially not her. Beatrice responds, â€Å"A dear happiness to women, th ey would else have been troubled with a pernicious suitor. ... ...r it’s Hero and both the couples are happily married. Create: The painting that I created is an abstract depiction of fire. Benedick and Beatrice’s love is like fire because it can’t be tamed or put out. They both try to hide the kindling of their affection for each other to no avail. Even after they initially confessed to each other they both tried to douse their feelings and completely denied ever having loved the other. Despite this, their friends revealed their secret letters and the flames rekindled burning fiercer and brighter than ever before. Therefore they can only let it grow with fiery passion and succumb to their emotions and get married just like their friends planned. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Much Ado about Nothing. Ed. Paul Werstine, Barbara A. Mowat, and Gail Kern. Paster. New York: Simon &ump; Schuster Paperbacks, 1995. Print.

A Sense of Proportion Essay -- British Empire, Conflict, War

More English soldiers died in the Great War than in any other British Empire conflict. Under the best of circumstances, this would have been a difficult burden to bear. Moreover, the manner of fighting shattered all romantic notions of noble and gallant warfare - there is nothing noble or gallant about trench warfare or poison gas. Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway is a novel that speaks to belated trauma and the cruelty of failing to face its realities. Much of this sentiment is expressed by the futile struggles of Septimus Smith, a psychologically maimed soldier who has returned from the Western Front. And, while feeling incapable of love contributes to Septimus’s demise, the immediate cause is the intensely evil conduct demonstrated by his doctor, Sir William Bradshaw. Septimus suffers from both a frozen heart and a stricken soul. Since his return from the war , now married for five years to Rezia from Milan, his life has been increasingly drab and unfulfilling, struggling as always to make sense of things, but without real success, except for some sporadic moments of clarity and self understanding. His mind and heart remain captives of his war sufferings, which he never really rises above. His affliction is ever-present and all encompassing regardless of where he happens to be or what he happens to be doing. Even his relationship with his wife appears to be null and non-existent, content as he is, he appears: â€Å"to talk to himself, to talk to a dead man, on the seat over there† (65). Septimus’s shell-shocked condition deteriorates so much in his postwar setting: â€Å"he descends another step into the pit†¦he dropped his head on his hands. Now he had surrendered; now other people must help him† (90). Dr. Holmes, a kindly, amia... ... gone to Sir William for a consultation. Her earlier experience with Sir William now connects her to Septimus and also validates the Smith’s fears in dealing with Sir William. Sir William, for Clarissa, is a messenger of terrible news. â€Å"Oh! Thought Clarissa, in the middle of my party, here’s death, she thought† (183). Sir William is for her a sinister and menacing force, and the sight of him â€Å"curls her up† (182). She recognizes him as an â€Å"extraordinary able† (183) doctor, but â€Å"yet to her obscurely evil, without sex or lust, extremely polite to women, but capable of some indescribable outrage – forcing your soul, that was it†(184). In Septimus, Clarissa not only sees her own mortality, but also feels a fleeting and fragile human existence which questions sin, guilt, evil, death, and redemption. Sir William is clearly the novel’s metaphor for evil par excellence.

Anne Frank and Frederick Dougalss Essay example -- essays research pap

Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass Everyone has hope in something whether it is possible or seemingly impossible. Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass, among many differences and similarities, both had hope in something others may not have believed to be possible. They never gave up their hope that they so desperately clung to when they were in bondage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass were both held in bondage, each in a different way. Frank was kept from the public eye for fear she would be caught and killed by the Germans. Even before she went into hiding she had to abide by so many restrictions that she had no freedom at all. On the other hand, Douglass was born a slave and had never known what it was like to be free, kept in bondage by his master. Despite everything they both kept their hopes that they would be free one day and people would no longer discriminate against them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also, while Frank and Douglass were in bondage they had several people who helped them along the way. They couldn’t have made it without these helpers. Douglass had his master’s wife and the young white boys who helped him learn his alphabet and his basic reading. He also had the Underground Railroad abolitionist to help him on the road to freedom. Frank also had help from some friends of her dad, Kraler and Koophuis. They helped hide them and bring food and supplies to Frank and her family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to having helpers, Frank and Douglass both were good writers. Even th...

Edgar Allan Poe’s The Masque of the Red Death Essay

Edgar Allan Poe’s short horror story entitled ‘The Masque of the Red Death: A Fantasy’ was published in Graham’s Magazine in 1838, and talks about a plague that the main character, Prince Prospero, attempts to evade (Laurent 2003). He holds a masquerade ball, each in different color, inside seven rooms in his abbey. On the other hand, Irvin Layton’s horror (or suspense) poem entitled ‘Rhine Boat Trip’ was written in 1977 and talks about murdered rabbis and the ghosts of children in the events in Nazi Germany, especially those that occurred during the Holocaust (Rhine Boat Trip, n. d. ). These two texts are both horrific, but aside from being different in terms of the format and the length, both display contrasting perspectives in their artistic, textual frames. Poe’s short story and Layton’s short poem display a suspense story; yet, as a whole, they display different styles and time frames. While Poe’s style displays something that is currently happening and distinctively described, Layton displays one that had already happened in the past and is directly described. Main Body The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allan Poe This short story attempts to describe how a plague called the Red Death enters Prince Prospero’s dominion, a prince who is being described as â€Å"happy and dauntless and sagacious† (Poe par. 2). The plague that has swept over the land is horrifying. As described, Blood was its Avatar and its seal –the redness and the horrors of blood. There were sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores, with dissolution. The scarlet stains upon the body and especially upon the face of the victim, were the pest ban which shut him out from the aid and from the sympathy of his fellow-men. And the whole seizure, progress and termination of the disease, were the incidents of half an hour. (Poe par. 1) From this paragraph, Poe specifies how horrifying the plague is. The victim loses most of the blood within the body, which is the cause of sudden dizziness and dissolution. Poe’s use of blood is enough to make the story appalling to the reader. Using pictures that signify awfulness and terror, Poe makes the story one that makes the reader horror-struck. However, the plague is said to have stricken only his dominions and not Prince Prospero and his â€Å"hale and light-hearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court† (Poe par. 2). Poe makes it appear that the plague only strikes those that are not hale and light-hearted or only those that are wicked, depraved, or poor. When his dominions were cut in half and the depraved dominions were already cast out, Prince Prospero is said to summon his friends, and using a masquerade ball inside seven rooms, each in different color, of his castellated abbey, he entertains his friends amid the plague. Poe describes the abbey: This was an extensive and magnificent structure, the creation of the prince’s own eccentric yet august taste. A strong and lofty wall girdled it in. This wall had gates of iron. The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts. (Poe par. 2) The exact description of the castellated abbeys indicates that Prince Prospero and the one thousand light-hearted friends are being protected from the killing plague that has stricken over the land. Then Poe begins to describe extensively the seven colored rooms: It was a voluptuous scene, that masquerade†¦ There was a sharp turn at every twenty or thirty yards, and at each turn a novel effect. To the right and left, in the middle of each wall, a tall and narrow Gothic window looked out upon a closed corridor which pursued the windings of the suite. These windows were of stained glass whose color varied in accordance with the prevailing hue of the decorations of the chamber into which it opened. (Poe par. 4) Poe mentions that, having to describe the decorations of the castellated abbey, Prince Prospero is actually eccentric, august, voluptuous, and bizarre. Poe also mentions that â€Å"[t]he tastes of the duke were peculiar. He had a fine eye for colors and effects. He disregarded the decora of mere fashion. His plans were bold and fiery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (par. 6). A mystifying figure suddenly appears, one that is described as â€Å"a masked figure which had arrested the attention of no single individual before† (par. 9). When Prince confronts the mystifying image, he suddenly falls dead, as specified in these lines: â€Å"There was a sharp cry – and the dagger dropped gleaming upon the sable carpet, upon which, instantly afterwards, fell prostate in death the Prince Prospero† (par. 12). The Red Death has entered the ball, and as the prince falls dead in the carpet, the people surges to the figure to remove the mask, only to find it empty. Each one falls to the ground, as the plague enters each of the one thousand guests in the ball. The Red Death surges upon all of the dominion. The Masque of the Red Death is one horror story in which Poe exemplifies great and immense description in every detail and part of the story. Poe uses symbols, such as colors and lines, in order to describe each detail magnificently and make the reader see distinctively. Rhine Boat Trip by Irvin Layton This 16-lined poem attempts to describe how the castles of the Rhine are haunted by ghosts of Jewish mothers and children in the lines: â€Å"The castles on the Rhine / are all haunted / by ghosts of Jewish mothers / looking for their ghostly children† (Rhine Boat Trip, L1-4). In contrast to Poe’s distinctive description, Layton’s style is simple and easy to read and understand. It does not describe each detail individually but rather, puts the picture and leaves the reader free to describe each picture. It allows the reader to put in detail what the castle looked like at Rhine. Having to put the exact name of the castle in the line is enough to picture the detail distinctively. Unlike Poe’s style, which provides the exact picture by describing immensely the detail in the story, Layton’s style is one that uses words in order to describe immensely what the picture or detail appears to be. However, instead of describing the castle as something that is enormous, fantastic, or incredible as Poe has done, Layton pictures the castle in a horrifying manner: â€Å"[A]nd the clusters of grapes / in the sloping vineyards / are myriads of blinded eyes / staring at the blind sun† (Rhine Boat Trip, L5-8). Layton instantly pictures the castle as horrifying, which is different from Poe’s style, wherein the latter pictures the castle as magnificently decorated before interpreting it as horrifying in the latter portion of the story. Each word that Layton uses carries a specific meaning. This is different from the manner in which Poe writes, wherein he describes in detail only to prove that the place is magnificent and is owned by a splendid duke living in the castle. In lines 5-8 of Layton’s poem, for example, the clusters of grapes of line 5 does not just depict the Jewish families but may depict families or communities that include everyone, including the reader. However, because Layton uses ‘sloping’ when he describes the vineyards, it may conclude to something that is negative, since it goes downhill, which is symbolic. Something negative, such as negative customs or culture that are found in the family or community, might have been included in the clusters of people. The use of grapes also depicts meaning, since grapes are used by the Jewish during the Passover and Holocaust. Having depicted too, that the clusters of grapes are actually â€Å"myriads of blinded eyes† (Rhine L7), it appears that the Jewish families (or German families) are blinded to what is about to happen to them and the surrounding community. They are staring at the blind sun because there is no hope for them in the end, since God is about to punish them, it is like God is nowhere in sight. In lines 9-10, wherein it says that â€Å"the tireless Lorelei / can never comb from their hair† (Layton L9-10), it appears that Lorelei is praying and doing sacrifices to God; and because she can â€Å"never comb from their hair† (Rhine L10), it symbolizes that important people in the community, such as Lorelei, pray and do sacrifices to God, so that the latter may show mercy to them and then remember His covenant with them. Lastly, lines 11-16 depict the rabbis that have been murdered and are wailing: â€Å"[T]he crimson beards / of murdered rabbis / however sweetly they sing / one hears only / the low wail of the cattle cars / moving invisibly across the land† (Rhine L11-16). Crimson is used to signify blood or death. The word ‘one’ is being used to mean both the person that hears only the wailing rabbis, as well as, the One God that appears to have turned His back on the Jewish people despite their prayers and offerings. Cattle cars are wailing in line 15, meaning that these cattle cars that are â€Å"moving invisibly across the land† (Rhine L16) are not with cattle but with people, which signifies a state that is inhumane and atrocious. The cattle cars are invisible because, first, no one had paid attention to them during their crisis; and, second, what the author has been describing is something that had already happened in the past. This poem also depicts strong emotional response because of distinctive images that were used by the writer. Like Poe’s story, this poem uses images, such as castles, grapes, vineyards, sun, rabbis, and cattle cars. However, unlike Poe’s story, Layton’s style is one that is simple yet direct; one that is more symbolic than that of Poe’s. Conclusion Poe’s short story entitled The Masque of the Red Death, as well as, Layton’s short poem entitled Rhine Boat Trip are both horrific, symbolic, and descriptive. However, Poe’s story is distinctively descriptive in detail, with an enormous, fantastic castle. Layton’s poem on the other hand, is simpler and direct, easier to read and understand, more distinctive in word, more symbolic in style, with a horrifying castle. Layton and Poe are alike; yet diverse. Works Cited Laurent, Sabrina. Metaphor and Symbolism in The Masque of the Red Death. July 2003. United Nuke. 14 March 2009 . Poe, Edgar Allan. The Masque of the Red Death. 2009. Jalic Incorporated. 14 March 2009 . Rhine Boat Trip (1977). N. d. Gonzaga University. 14 March 2009 . Other Sources Roberts, Edgar. Writing About Literature – Brief (11the ed. ). White Plains, NY: Pearson Longman, 2005.

Anti-Trust

The law was broken when the group of anesthesiologists banded together to drive out any form of competition, which resulted in the failure of Mr†¦ Alto's business. Initially the organization of anesthesiologist from SST. Peters Community Hospital agreed to a settlement of $462,500. The trial Judge deemed the award from the Jury was excessive and ordered a new trial. The conclusions of the new trial were, the damages incurred were not the hospital's responsibility due to lack of evidence and the settlement from the physicians was sufficient (Bazaar 2012).Exclusive Contracts Hospitals routinely enter Into contracts with various professional groups for the sight to be the exclusive provider of their specific services at the facility In exchange for the group agreeing to provide and manage all aspects of that service wealth the hospital. These â€Å"exclusive contracts† generally result In the chosen medical department and associated equipment being closed off to physicians w ho are not part of the contracting group. Exclusive contracts are generally considered to be good for most doctors who participate in the groups and bad for those excluded by them.In fact, while exclusive contracts offer obvious benefits to the physicians who receive he perks from the contracts and obvious disadvantages for those who are excluded, they also present pitfalls for physicians in the chosen group. The included doctors are somewhat slaves to the groups and will be kicked out of the groups if the physician does not comply with the rules and regulations of the contract. Exclusive contracts are agreements that initially appear to be anta-competitive on face value; multiple courts have rejected anti-trust challenges to exclusive contracts creating an unfair advantage, which reduces competition.Physicians and nurses that have been excluded because of exclusive contracts have had much greater success in attacking exclusive contracting arrangements on the premise of breach of co ntract and lack of procedural process grounds. In order to prove there has been a violation of anti-trust and elimination of competition within a work environment such as a hospital. Typically exclusive contracts are built to keep outside providers from competing with the physicians who are already employed at the hospital or medical treatment facility. In rare cases like the Alto v.SST Pewter's Community Hospital case, the nurse anesthetist was already contracted with the facility and performed similar procedures as the anesthesiologists except for a cheaper rate (Bazaar 2012). The hospital administration should have analyzed the formation of the group odd providers and recognized what the Intentions were. Remedies to Breach Arbitration of breaches In anta-trust laws were frowned upon years ago when anta- trust laws were first set into place. Arbitration is a relatively fast way to arrive upon a being flexible and not as formal as a traditional courthouse.Usually, arbitration can b e scheduled quicker and with less working parts than a trial. In rare instances, if all parties involved come to an agreement, arbitrators can sometimes create rulings that judges are not allowed to decide. In arbitration, both sides present all evidence to an arbitrator in efforts to prove each side's case. The arbitrator reaches a final verdict and decides whom the winners and losers are. An arbitrator does the Job that a traditional Judge or Jury would normally do in court if the matter escalated to that point (Hill 2014).Summary Judgment is another remedy to handling the decision process in the event of a suspected anti-trust law breach. Summary Judgment is a decision entered by a court on behalf of one party that was in disagreement with another party, without the length and expense of a full trial. The idea of the summary judgment process is to remove the need to argue agreed upon facts and to decide without trial one or more causes of action in the complaint. The presenting a nd pleading procedures are extremely technical and complicated. This process is fairly dangerous to the party that the decision is being made against (Hill 2014).Conclusion In this scenario, the groups of anesthesiologists were guilty of violating anti-trust saws with the internal contract that was created to eliminate competition from outside vendors for delivery of care. Anti-trust laws were created top prevent larger companies and organizations from pushing smaller entities out of the ability to fairy compete for business. Mr†¦ Alto received a settlement from the hospital initially but was later unable to recoup legal fees and damages from the hospital once the trial judge ruled the damages were excessive.

Jainism vs. Sikhism Essay

Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the following table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting. Core Beliefs Jainism Sikhism 1. Ahimsa – principle of noninjury 1. Naam Japna – remembering god through meditation 2. Sathya – truth 2. Kirat Karo – earning a honest living 3. Asteya – non stealing 3. Vand chakko – sharing income & resources. Selflessly serving others. 4. Brahmacharya – celibacy 5. Apigraha – non acquisition Part 2 Respond to the following questions in 150 to 200 words: 1 What do you think is the most important similarity and which is the most important difference? Use specifics to support your answer. Both faiths originated from the same part of the world. They are expected to be tolerant of all faiths and don’t believe that one path has the monopoly on the truth. Janism Sikhism – vegetarian because they belive believe it brings them closer to spirituality. – they have and order of monks and nuns – they practice the Caste system – polythetic religion – are not vegetarians they believe that eating meat doesn’t block your spirituality. – is bound to truth at all times and practices god conscience. – rejects the caste system and believes in gender equality. – monotheistic religion. Consider the following statement: Sallekhana (â€Å"holy death†) violates the Jain principle of ahimsa because it is an act of violence against oneself. Using examples from Ch. 5 of your text, what points might a follower of Jainism make to argue against this statement? Jains will prepare themselves after they have reached their virtue. They will walk into rivers, lakes, and oceans as well as starve themselves when they become elderly with the help of their families.

University should be free

Thesis: University should be free. Today, university fees are usually quite high. Many students find that it is extremely difficult to find the funds to pay for an expensive education, so they look for school loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Thus, free higher education is necessary for everyone. B. Terms define * University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. University provides both undergraduate education (also called first degree, bachelor's degree or simply degree) and postgraduate education. A postgraduate degree is one earned after receiving a Bachelor's degree. Examples of postgraduate degrees are master degree, doctor degree †¦ * University is free: University is free means that access to higher education should be available to all who desire it and should be available without regard to ability to pay. C. Background Information Today, university payment is so very high that many students cannot learn at university. Only the wealthy families can afford to send their children to universities, and the families having low incomes cannot. Moreover, those students with low-income family are hard to get good jobs that need professional skills. If students want to learn at university, they have to borrow money from government for covering the cost. That will give them the huge loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Hence, university should be free for everyone. Every student can learn at university without paying tuition payment. In addition, students have more money to pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes when they learn at university. D. Arguments First Argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. E. First argument * First Argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. * University fees are usually very high. When student go to university they realize that it is too difficult to find the funds to pay for university fee. They will search for school loans. Student loans are the great help if students need some financial assistance to get through university. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students, and put inordinate amounts of pressure to lead to students dropping out to earn money and pay back their student loans. In the United States, for example, many students obtain loans for higher education. The student loans debt statistics from Chronicle. com (date July 9, 2009) show that nearly 20 million Americans attend university each year. Of that 20 million, we have 60% students borrows annually to help cover cost and the average student loan debt of graduating university was about $58,000 before interest payments and typically $10,000 more including interest. This me ans that when students graduate from university, instead of working to make money for their future, they are working to make money to pay back their past. Especially, if their family could not afford their school loan, they will drop out of university to take the job. Even the jobs do not suit for students and the repayment of loans can take many years. The statistic from website http://www. asa. org shows that we have two out of five student loan borrowers – or 41% – are delinquent at some point in the first five years after entering repayment. In addition, from 2004 to 2009 there was 33% students drop out of university before earning a degree to struggle most with student loans. If university is not free, students will pay a lot of money for their study. That is the main reason lead to student drop out of university. * With free university education, student can go to university without crushing debt burden. University can offer a huge opportunity and student can study what they wish. Student will have more money to pay for their books, living, and other costs when they learn at university. * The statistics from website http://www. utoronto. ca show that the cost of living in Canada, and in particular Toronto, is very high. When students want to learn at university, they have to pay a lot of money for living expenses. In conclusion, it is clear that university should be free. University should be available to all who desire it and should be available without regard to ability to pay. Because the cost that students pay for their study at university is very high, many students will drop out of school to take jobs, earn money and pay back their student loans. Students cannot get the good jobs because they do not finish their study to ge t the graduation. It takes many years for students repay the debt. H. Conclusion University should be free for every student. When they study at university, they will pay a lot of money for studying cost and living cost. In addition, those costs are very high. Students have to borrow money from government to help cover cost. They cannot afford to pay back money to government. Therefore, they will drop out of university to earn money for paying the student loans. II. Opposition: A. Proposition’s argument 1: Universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment. III. Rebuttal A. Review i. Thesis: University should be free. Today, university fees are usually quite high. Many students find that it is extremely difficult to find the funds to pay for an expensive education, so they look for school loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Thus, free higher education is necessary for everyone. ii. Arguments 1. First argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. B. Defend Argument . First argument: It is too expensive for students to pay tuition fees plus books, living, and other cost. * When students learn at university, they have to pay the tuition payment and they still have problems with paying for books, housing and food. People talk about education is free, and they forget such elements as housing and books. It is normal for students from countries with free education in Europe t o leave the university with a big loan. Education is indeed an investment and paying pack government the money you loaned to live while studying is reasonable. It is not only tuition payment that makes education expensive, but also rising living cost and lack of financial-support make education payment is more expensive. If university is free, students only pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes, and of course their nights out. Moreover, they do not pay for the tuition payment. If not, students will have to work in order to pay for tuition payment and living cost while studying. By working, students are most likely to skip their classes if their shifts overlap their schedules. Furthermore, they will not have enough time to study and review their lessons. When they are at school, they will most likely to fall asleep and cannot pay attention in class. * The Pew Research Center's 2011 study discovered that 57 percent of students who dropped out preferred to work and earn money, while 48 percent could not afford university whether they were working or not, and 50 percent of students do not pass the exams during their first semester of university when they are working part time jobs while studying. If university is free, students do not work to earn money, do not pay for student loans in the future, and will have more money to pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes. C. Attack opposition’s Arguments 1. First argument : Universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment. – If universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment, the tuition fee will be very high. Therefore, only students with wealthy families can go to university, and students with low-income families cannot. Thus, university should be free and education should be for everyone. * Whether university education should be free and reachable for both rich people and poor people is one of many burning problem that the education is dealing at the moment. If university education is not free, only the wealthy families can afford to give their children to universities, and the families having low incomes cannot because the higher education is so expensive. If students do not have money to pay, students have to borrow money from the government that will give them a huge loan, and they have to pay back after their studies done. It is also important to remember the cost outside the school with housing and books. This is unfair for the people who do not have the family money or the wealth that other people have. The students who are the poor family will not afford to attend university, they cannot get higher education and they will get a lower paid job. * The statistics form website www. ostsecondary. org, date May 02, 2012, show that while 79% of students born into the top income in the U. S. obtain bachelor’s degrees, only 11% of students from bottom families graduate from four-year universities. Put another way, about 55% of the bachelor’s degrees awarded in the U. S. went to students from top families with 2010 income above $98,875; 9. 4% of those degrees went to students with family income below $33,000. Therefore, sonly students from high-income families can learn at university because the tuition payments are very high. University should be free and education should be for everyone. Every student will have the opportunity to study. This means there would be more students going to university and more students will have higher degrees. Students will get the good jobs and bright future. D. Conclusion Therefore, we should say that university should be free for everyone. Every student can learn at university. Without paying tuition fee, students can get higher degrees without taking student loans, have more money for paying living cost, and have a bright future with a good job.Reference University fee should be free. (2013). Retrieved from http://debatewise.org/debates/1315-university-fees-should-be-scrapped/ Why University Education should be Free. (Tuesday, October 2, 2007). Retrieved from http://debatewise.org/debates/1315-university-fees-should-be-scrapped/ Poor Students Are The Real Victims Of College Discrimination. (5/02/2012). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielfisher/2012/05/02/poor-students-are-the-real-victims-of-college-discrimination/ Casil. (2013). What Percentage of College Students Fail Their First Semester? Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/percentage-college-students-fail-first-sem

Essentials of Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Essentials of Marketing - Case Study Example Hence the founders of Innocent have ensured that the product speaks for itself about the company and the brand name. Unlike the service sector, Innocent is not customer centric, however the product is developed with the customer expectations in mind and the quality of the product acts as the promotional factor (Jobber, 2004). The denial of Innocent to be exported to countries where it is not possible to transport overnight indicates the importance given to the product specifications. Though the cost of the product is substantially high, the entire cost goes into the product unlike other brands in the same sector that have a huge advertising spend. Currently, Innocent does not have any loyalty programs or other customer centric costs, unlike other companies. The main reason is that Innocent has based its marketing strategy on the product quality and belief that the customers who are satisfied with the product will definitely come back for more (Groonroos, 1994). On the contrary, the s ervice sector stresses on customer loyalty programs in order to build a relationship with the customer. This result in added costs for the company which then goes into the price of the product or service provided (Fisk et al, 2000). Innocent is a product oriented brand and has given due consideration to the tra... However the marketing mix is unique and it has focussed on each of the four P s in varying degrees. Innocent, due to its unique business model, has utilized the 4 Ps, i.e., Product, Promotion, Price and Place to create an integrated marketing mix. The product has been developed after heavy thoughts on market demands and customer expectations. The product has been given the most importance and all the other marketing strategies revolve round the product (Hakansson and Waluszewski, 2005). The company has positioned itself in the market as a high quality smoothies brand. The Price reflects the product quality and the position in the market. Unlike other brands in the sector, Innocent does not add sugar or preservatives, and produces products with higher amounts of fresh fruit pulp. Innocent justifies this high price by indicating that the product is purely natural and that it is similar to home made smoothies. The promotion strategies are aligned with the product and its price, thus emphasizing its position in the market (Evans and Moutinho, 1999). The advertisement spend is very less comparatively, which again reflects that fact that the cost of the smoothies are completely covered by the product and that the company does not charge the customers for the advertising spend (Dobni and Luffman, 2000). The company has grown internationally, but still emphasis is given to the uniqueness of the product. Hence it is exporting strategy is clearly designed to export to countries which can be reached overnight, as the product life is shorter due to the absenc e of preservatives. Thus it is evident that Innocent has cleverly utilized the four Ps in creating an unique integrated

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Art - Essay Example He was recognized for his outstanding work in art and had won numerous awards and honors. Among these honors he had won the Master Artist Award (2000) from Artists of America. Description The painting I have chosen from the William Hook’s collection of art is the â€Å"Autumn Road† which is a 24† by 18 inch painting depicting a long road with trees and bushes on either side during the Autumn season. The colors used on this canvas are browns, orange, yellow and dark green that clearly portrays the autumn season. Commenting on the use of acrylic paint, Hook states – â€Å"Make the shortcomings of acrylic the benefits.† (William Hook) He makes use of the minimalist technique in this art work while communicating the grandeur of the landscape. Hook holds the opinion that any finished painting is an amalgamation of different techniques but, ‘impasto is achieved through light strokes of paint with no additives.’ (William Hook) Meaning The meani ng depicted in ‘Autumn Road’ is one of calmness and spirituality. The artist portrays his serenity through his work. The landscape shown is silent and calm and conveys the message of peace of the artist.

The Song of Rolan - the Foundation of French Literacy Essay

The Song of Rolan - the Foundation of French Literacy - Essay Example As the paper outlines, a large number of top knights and Duke Roland of the Brittany Marches were killed in the massacre. Ganelon accepted the task, certain that he would die. He threatened Roland, "If God should deign that I come back again then I shall stir up such a feud with you that it will last as long as you're alive!" (Anonymous, 1957, 20, pp. 289-291). Emperor Charlemagne was firm about sending Ganelon and said his command must be followed implicitly. Ganelon had no other option, but to comply with the order.  In the fight against Muslims in Spain Charlemagne made great strides and Saragossa was the only surviving city ruled by the Muslim King Marsile. Knowing the might of the army of Charlemagne, he dispatched messengers to Charlemagne promising his conversion to Christianity and submission of treasure. In return, he urged him to go back to France. Charlemagne too wished to buy peace as he and his men were tired of the long war. The issue was about the selection of a mess enger who would represent the King at Marsile’s court. The choice fell on Ganelon, stepfather of Roland. Ganelon, however, viewed this selection with suspicion and feared that he was being sent deliberately to die in the hands of the cruel pagans. He had always hated his stepson and he thought that he had an opportunity to settle scores with Roland.  Joining the Saracen peace ambassadors, Ganelon talked at length with Blancandrin as they rode together back to Saragossa. He spat venom against Roland and blamed him for inciting the Franks for the war that was fought without intermission. â€Å"If someone killed him," said Ganelon, "we might all have peace" (Anonymous, 1957, 29, pp. 391). Blancandrin was greatly excited about this observation and both of them pledged to each other and decided to design a plot to get rid of him. Roland was brave but failed to gauge the consequences of his actions and due to this weakness, treacherous Ganelon succeeded in outwitting his knightl y companions and his army.  

The Role of Women in Ancient Greece and Egypt Research Paper

The Role of Women in Ancient Greece and Egypt - Research Paper Example In many countries, there is an opinion that women are even not so intelligent and do not possess the creative mind. Certainly, these wrong beliefs have been already disproved by the science after different investigations were held to prove that women and men do not differ much in their emotional behavior and possess the same intellectual and creative abilities. Many experts state that in many societies women are deliberately taught to be inferior and subordinate. These negative and destructive stereotypes are mainly maintained by men who try to save their privileged positions as more and more women in the world manage to overcome the influence of feminine teaching and take the place under the sun. Feminine teaching is different in different countries and has its roots in the country’s history. The given paper will consider the role of women in Ancient Greece and in Ancient Egypt. What is remarkable about Ancient Egypt is that in contrast to other ancient civilizations Egyptian women had the rights almost equal to men’s. ...They could take many decisions independently. Egyptian women could apply to the court and appear in public. However, their appearance in public without men was still undesirable and they stayed home most of the time. Women could have different occupations, but their abilities still were limited and many of them were housewives. Some women could work in workshops and few of them could even occupy leading positions. The position of women in Egypt was better than in any other ancient state. Their position was described as follows: â€Å"Egyptian women, the mother that one respected above all, the women subject to a strict moral code, but granted a great freedom of expression -- her entire legal capacity, her shocking financial independence, the impact of her personality in family life and the management of common belongings and her own belongings† (Desroches Noblecourt, 1986).This was due to the fact that Egyptians had very special principles. The life in Ancient Egypt was focused on reaching happiness and pleasure and the family was considered to be the main source of this happiness. In the ancient world, the position of women in the family was determined as subordinate, but there were variations depending on the territory and the principles, which were maintained in this or that ancient state. The influence of such prejudices was stronger if the legislation created a strict distinction between men and women and their roles in the society and in the family. Marriage and family were always valued very high, but in many countries, women were considered to be just home servants. Children also had absolutely no rights and they got them only when they become adult.

Government price analysis of direct and indirect costs Essay

Government price analysis of direct and indirect costs - Essay Example This may be affected by a number of barriers such as their identification. Many accounting analysts and auditors claim that, in particular, indirect costs cannot be identified in a direct manner. This may affect the analysis of indirect costs within the scope of sales of service or product (Ballard, 2007). Another underlying problem with the analysis of direct and indirect costs by government for pricing and taxation is the cross-sectional relationship of salaries and overheads. The relationship cannot be estimated easily until or unless financial outlook is immersed with analytical elements. These include identification of pools of rate development, weaknesses that might be identified and capital costs associated with the cost rates (Ballard, 2007). Thus, it will not be incorrect to state that every element as noted above needs to be considered during the analysis of indirect and directs costs. Considering the barriers of identification of indirect costs, it makes it complicated to estimate the cross-sectional relationship between the salaries and

Video review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Video review - Assignment Example Being already in his fifties da Vinci painted Mona Lisa, a portrait of a Florentine merchant Francesco del Giocondos wife, which explains why the painting is often called La Giaconda in Italy. Mona, in turn, is a contraction from Italian "ma donna", which means "my lady". Leonardo never handed over the portrait to del Giocondo because he probably never considered it finished. Years later Napoleon took Mona Lisa to his bedroom; it was also stolen from Louvre Museum once, which finally brought it a worldwide fame. But eventually the portrait got back to Louvre, where it stays to date. 2. King Tuthankhamuns tomb is full of ancient artworks devoted to this legendary Egyptian ruler. The Golden mask is one of them. Preserved in the Museum of Cairo it shows its visitors the luxury and sophisticated taste of King Tut. It is a masterpiece that is almost impossible to copy. Seven coffins of the King Tuts tomb bear the embossment of Tuthankhamuns face, each being an artwork of exquisite beauty. The Golden Throne is another masterpiece containing relief images of King and Queen, which tells us the story of their love. On top of these wonders, there are over one hundred pieces of the finest jewelry found inside the tomb. Art in ancient Egypt was made for religious purposes and, apart from its beauty, reveals a lot about the ancient times that have been long

Research Paper for Othello Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For Othello - Research Paper Example Jealousy, that is roused by suspicion and wounded pride, which could be reactions to prejudice, makes Othello the most celebrated text that explores the powers of these debilitating factors even over someone who is considered a hero (Collie 88-9). Shakespeare’s Othello is one of the earliest texts that depict racism against blacks (Iyasere, Iyasere, and Little 326). Normally, especially during Shakespearian days, the whites are the natural protagonists while the blacks are usually portrayed as antagonists. This depiction of a hero is unusual because Othello is shown as troubled with bitterness, delusions, and self-importance (Vaughn 180). He is a dignified, brilliant, heroic, and important figure in the Venetian army, yet despite this prominent status, his own insecurities make him prey to the selfish motives of Iago, the play’s villain (Jacobsen 502). The tragic part here is that no matter how great his status is, and no matter how admired he is by the people of Venice , the war strategies that make him win several battles do not win for him his battle at home, which ultimately resulted in the tragic end of Othello and his beloved Desdemona. Iago sees Othello’s jealousy for his wife Desdemona and decides to use it to his own advantage. He is able to manipulate Othello easily, even when Iago never once presented strong evidence about Desdemona’s infidelity. In fairness to Othello, the ideas that Iago convinces him of are very likely to happen, therefore, easy to believe (Jacobsen 503-4). However, if he knows his wife Desdemona well, it is also easy to see that these accusations are not only improbable, but ridiculous as well. In a scene in the play, Iago exclaims â€Å"Ha! I like not that.† (3.3.33) and â€Å"Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think it, That he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming.† (3.3.37-9). Here, it is obvious that Iago, lacking any solid proof, tries to plant ideas in Othello’s mind through manipulation. Iago acts like he is unwilling to confess the sordid details of the scene between Desdemona and Cassio, yet all the while uses a suggestive tone and drops hints that Desdemona is having an illicit affair with Cassio. This causes Othello to demand for more details, making it appear that he is dragging information out of Iago, while the truth is that Iago leads him into that trap of suspicion. This skillful manipulation ignites jealousy in Othello that is roused by the suspicion that Iago successfully implants in his head. These suspicions that rouse his jealousy cause constant speculations by different critics. Othello’s self-loathing is one popular idea. For example, making their marriage private instead of public could mean that he does not believe he is good enough for Desdemona (Vaughn 180). Othello is also portrayed as filled with contradicting characteristics. He promotes Cassio (1.1.18-21) but shows more trust to Iago; he kills his wife Desde mona (5.2.137-8) despite professing his overwhelming love and passion for her; he also kills himself (5.2.376-7) instead of facing the consequences of his crime despite being noted for his courage and dignity. His insecurity makes him gullible to Iago’s manipulations. It can be said that even without Iago’s exploitations of his insecurities, Othello would still be susceptible to suspicions one way or another (Vaughn 181). Despites his great accomplishments and elevated status in the society,